"-x" meaning in French

See -x in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position. Etymology templates: {{inh|fr|fro|voyeul|voyeus|t=vowel}} Old French voyeus (“vowel”) Head templates: {{head|fr|suffix|||||g=|g2=|head=|sort=}} -x, {{fr-suffix}} -x
  1. Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--x-fr-suffix-liuz9AHn Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 5 23 1 13 11 13 27 7
  2. Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s). Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--x-fr-suffix-GK-9afHy Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 5 23 1 13 11 13 27 7 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 40 60
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -s
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "voyeul",
        "4": "voyeus",
        "t": "vowel"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French voyeus (“vowel”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "fr-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-s"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 23 1 13 11 13 27 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "god → gods",
          "text": "dieu → dieux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "core → cores",
          "text": "noyau → noyaux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hebrew → Hebrews",
          "text": "hébreu → hébreux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu."
      ],
      "id": "en--x-fr-suffix-liuz9AHn",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 23 1 13 11 13 27 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "louse → lice",
          "text": "pou → poux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s)."
      ],
      "id": "en--x-fr-suffix-GK-9afHy",
      "links": [
        [
          "-s",
          "-s#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/z‿/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-x"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French suffixes",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "Pages with 5 entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "voyeul",
        "4": "voyeus",
        "t": "vowel"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French voyeus (“vowel”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "fr-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-s"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "god → gods",
          "text": "dieu → dieux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "core → cores",
          "text": "noyau → noyaux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hebrew → Hebrews",
          "text": "hébreu → hébreux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "louse → lice",
          "text": "pou → poux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-s",
          "-s#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/z‿/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-x"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -x meaning in French (1.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.