"-x" meaning in French

See -x in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position. Etymology templates: {{inh|fr|fro|voyeul|voyeus|t=vowel}} Old French voyeus (“vowel”) Head templates: {{head|fr|suffix|||||g=|g2=|head=|sort=}} -x, {{fr-suffix}} -x
  1. Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--x-fr-suffix-liuz9AHn Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages using catfix Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 4 23 1 13 11 13 28 7 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 47 53
  2. Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s). Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--x-fr-suffix-GK-9afHy Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories, French entries with incorrect language header, Pages using catfix Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 4 23 1 13 11 13 28 7 Disambiguation of Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories: 44 56 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 41 59 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 47 53
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -s
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "voyeul",
        "4": "voyeus",
        "t": "vowel"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French voyeus (“vowel”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "fr-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-s"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 23 1 13 11 13 28 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "god → gods",
          "text": "dieu → dieux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "core → cores",
          "text": "noyau → noyaux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hebrew → Hebrews",
          "text": "hébreu → hébreux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu."
      ],
      "id": "en--x-fr-suffix-liuz9AHn",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 23 1 13 11 13 28 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "louse → lice",
          "text": "pou → poux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s)."
      ],
      "id": "en--x-fr-suffix-GK-9afHy",
      "links": [
        [
          "-s",
          "-s#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/z‿/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-x"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French suffixes",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "voyeul",
        "4": "voyeus",
        "t": "vowel"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French voyeus (“vowel”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-x",
      "name": "fr-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-s"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "god → gods",
          "text": "dieu → dieux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "core → cores",
          "text": "noyau → noyaux",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hebrew → Hebrews",
          "text": "hébreu → hébreux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "louse → lice",
          "text": "pou → poux",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-s",
          "-s#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/z‿/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-x"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -x meaning in French (1.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.