See -is in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"5": "",
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"g3": "",
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"2": "fro",
"3": "-is"
},
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}
],
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"pos": "suffix",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "16 15 14 14 14 14 6 6",
"kind": "other",
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}
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"-ir",
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"-ir",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "-isse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
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],
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}
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{
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"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French indeclinable suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffix forms",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Old Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
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"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "-iō"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -iō",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īvī"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īvī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Old French -is",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person singular",
"first-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"first-person singular",
"first-person singular#English"
],
[
"past historic",
"past historic#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"past historic",
"past historic#English"
],
[
"-ir",
"-ir#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--is.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "-is"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjective-forming suffixes",
"French countable suffixes",
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"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French indeclinable suffixes",
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"French masculine suffixes",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffix forms",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Old Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
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"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
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"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs"
],
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[
"first-person singular",
"first-person singular#English"
],
[
"past historic",
"past historic#English"
],
[
"-re",
"-re#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"second-person singular",
"second-person singular#English"
],
[
"past historic",
"past historic#English"
],
[
"-re",
"-re#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--is.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "-is"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjective-forming suffixes",
"French countable suffixes",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French indeclinable suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
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"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Old Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:-eiz<alt:-ëiz>",
"id": "noun-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"long\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īcus\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"adjectival suffix\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īcius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-eiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-is\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-id=\"noun-forming suffix\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"-is\" id=\"French:_noun-forming_suffix\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "-eiz",
"4": "-ëiz",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ëiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eiz",
"alt": "-ëiz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ëiz",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātus",
"pos": "past participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ātus (past participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "-is m (noun-forming suffix, invariable)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chuchoter (“to whisper”) + -is → chuchotis (“murmuring”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ébouler (“to crumble; to collapse”) + -is → éboulis (“scree; mass of fallen rocks/earth”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dégouler (“to disgust”) + -is → (informal) dégoulis (“vomit”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs"
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--is.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "-is"
}
{
"categories": [
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"French adjective-forming suffixes",
"French countable suffixes",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French indeclinable suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Old Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 20 entries",
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"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eiz",
"4": "-ëiz",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French -ëiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-eiz",
"alt": "-ëiz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French -ëiz",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ātus",
"pos": "past participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ātus (past participle ending)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-isse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isses",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"f": "-isse"
},
"expansion": "-is (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -isse, masculine plural -is, feminine plural -isses)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with uncommon senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "couler (“flow”) + -is → coulis (“flowing; running”) (surface etymology)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"adjective-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) adjective-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--is.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--is.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "-is"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -is meaning in French (17.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-is"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-is",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-is"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-is",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-is"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-is",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-is"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-is",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.