"écouler" meaning in French

See écouler in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /e.ku.le/ Audio: Fr-écouler.ogg
Etymology: From é- + couler, or possibly from Vulgar Latin *excolāre, from Latin cōlāre. Compare Italian scolare, Portuguese escoar, Spanish escolar, Sicilian sculari. Etymology templates: {{af|fr|é-|couler}} é- + couler, {{inh|fr|VL.|*excolāre}} Vulgar Latin *excolāre, {{inh|fr|la|cōlō|cōlāre}} Latin cōlāre, {{cog|it|scolare}} Italian scolare, {{cog|pt|escoar}} Portuguese escoar, {{cog|es|escolar}} Spanish escolar, {{cog|scn|sculari}} Sicilian sculari Head templates: {{fr-verb}} écouler Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], écouler [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], écoulant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], écoulé [participle, past], écoule [first-person, indicative, present, singular], écoules [indicative, present, second-person, singular], écoule [indicative, present, singular, third-person], écoulons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], écoulez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], écoulent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], écoulais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], écoulais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], écoulait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], écoulions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], écouliez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], écoulaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], écoulai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], écoulas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], écoula [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], écoulâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], écoulâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], écoulèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], écoulerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], écouleras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], écoulera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], écoulerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], écoulerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], écouleront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], écoulerais [conditional, first-person, singular], écoulerais [conditional, second-person, singular], écoulerait [conditional, singular, third-person], écoulerions [conditional, first-person, plural], écouleriez [conditional, plural, second-person], écouleraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], écoule [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], écoules [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], écoule [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], écoulions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], écouliez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], écoulent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], écoulasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], écoulasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], écoulât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], écoulassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], écoulassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], écoulassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], écoule [imperative, second-person, singular], écoulons [first-person, imperative, plural], écoulez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to sell off, to shift Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-écouler-fr-verb-tu3g3oPO Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French terms prefixed with é-, French verbs with conjugation -er, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 83 2 9 4 2 Disambiguation of French terms prefixed with é-: 47 12 17 12 12 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 42 12 21 12 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 78 3 6 10 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 88 3 4 3 3
  2. (reflexive) to flow Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-écouler-fr-verb-U7EY147G
  3. (reflexive, of a crowd) to disband, to scatter Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-écouler-fr-verb-6qM~cQRV
  4. (reflexive, of time) to pass, to elapse Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-écouler-fr-verb-ajMHYcY6
  5. (reflexive, of one's fortune) to diminish, to dwindle away slowly Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-écouler-fr-verb-DxT2VgtM
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: écoulement

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "écoulement"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "é-",
        "3": "couler"
      },
      "expansion": "é- + couler",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*excolāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *excolāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōlō",
        "4": "cōlāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōlāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "scolare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian scolare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "escoar"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese escoar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "escolar"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish escolar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "sculari"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian sculari",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From é- + couler, or possibly from Vulgar Latin *excolāre, from Latin cōlāre. Compare Italian scolare, Portuguese escoar, Spanish escolar, Sicilian sculari.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouler",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulant",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulé",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoules",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulons",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulent",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulais",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulais",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulait",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouliez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulaient",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulai",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulas",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoula",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerai",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleras",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulera",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerons",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerez",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleront",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerais",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerais",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerait",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleriez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleraient",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoules",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouliez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulent",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulasse",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulasses",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulât",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulassions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulassent",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulons",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "écouler",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "83 2 9 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 12 17 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms prefixed with é-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 12 21 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 3 6 10 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 3 4 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He had great difficulty selling off his merchandise.",
          "text": "Il eut beaucoup de peine à écouler sa marchandise.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sell off, to shift"
      ],
      "id": "en-écouler-fr-verb-tu3g3oPO",
      "links": [
        [
          "sell off",
          "sell off"
        ],
        [
          "shift",
          "shift"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sell off, to shift"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The liquid is flowing.",
          "text": "Le liquide s’écoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flow"
      ],
      "id": "en-écouler-fr-verb-U7EY147G",
      "links": [
        [
          "flow",
          "flow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to flow"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The crowd is disbanding.",
          "text": "La foule s’écoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to disband, to scatter"
      ],
      "id": "en-écouler-fr-verb-6qM~cQRV",
      "links": [
        [
          "disband",
          "disband"
        ],
        [
          "scatter",
          "scatter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, of a crowd) to disband, to scatter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a crowd"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One year, two years passed by.",
          "text": "Une année, deux années s’écoulèrent.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass, to elapse"
      ],
      "id": "en-écouler-fr-verb-ajMHYcY6",
      "links": [
        [
          "pass",
          "pass"
        ],
        [
          "elapse",
          "elapse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, of time) to pass, to elapse"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of time"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to diminish, to dwindle away slowly"
      ],
      "id": "en-écouler-fr-verb-DxT2VgtM",
      "links": [
        [
          "diminish",
          "diminish"
        ],
        [
          "dwindle",
          "dwindle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, of one's fortune) to diminish, to dwindle away slowly"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of one's fortune"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-écouler.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/Fr-%C3%A9couler.ogg/Fr-%C3%A9couler.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Fr-%C3%A9couler.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "écouler"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Latin",
    "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms prefixed with é-",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "écoulement"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "é-",
        "3": "couler"
      },
      "expansion": "é- + couler",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*excolāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *excolāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cōlō",
        "4": "cōlāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cōlāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "scolare"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian scolare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "escoar"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese escoar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "escolar"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish escolar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "sculari"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian sculari",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From é- + couler, or possibly from Vulgar Latin *excolāre, from Latin cōlāre. Compare Italian scolare, Portuguese escoar, Spanish escolar, Sicilian sculari.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouler",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulant",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulé",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoules",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulons",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulent",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulais",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulais",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulait",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouliez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulaient",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulai",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulas",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoula",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerai",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleras",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulera",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerons",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerez",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleront",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerais",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerais",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerait",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulerions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleriez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouleraient",
      "ipa": "/e.kul.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoules",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.ljɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écouliez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulent",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulasse",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulasses",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulât",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulassions",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.la.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulassent",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.las/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoule",
      "ipa": "/e.kul/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulons",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.lɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "écoulez",
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "écouler",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He had great difficulty selling off his merchandise.",
          "text": "Il eut beaucoup de peine à écouler sa marchandise.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sell off, to shift"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sell off",
          "sell off"
        ],
        [
          "shift",
          "shift"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sell off, to shift"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The liquid is flowing.",
          "text": "Le liquide s’écoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to flow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flow",
          "flow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to flow"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The crowd is disbanding.",
          "text": "La foule s’écoule.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to disband, to scatter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disband",
          "disband"
        ],
        [
          "scatter",
          "scatter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, of a crowd) to disband, to scatter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a crowd"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One year, two years passed by.",
          "text": "Une année, deux années s’écoulèrent.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass, to elapse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pass",
          "pass"
        ],
        [
          "elapse",
          "elapse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, of time) to pass, to elapse"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of time"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to diminish, to dwindle away slowly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "diminish",
          "diminish"
        ],
        [
          "dwindle",
          "dwindle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, of one's fortune) to diminish, to dwindle away slowly"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of one's fortune"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.ku.le/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-écouler.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/Fr-%C3%A9couler.ogg/Fr-%C3%A9couler.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Fr-%C3%A9couler.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "écouler"
}

Download raw JSONL data for écouler meaning in French (11.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.