"-ja" meaning in Estonian

See -ja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Proto-Finnic *-ja, from Proto-Uralic *-ja. Cognate with Finnish -ja. Etymology templates: {{inh|et|urj-fin-pro|*-ja}} Proto-Finnic *-ja, {{inh|et|urj-pro|*-ja}} Proto-Uralic *-ja, {{cog|fi|-ja}} Finnish -ja Head templates: {{head|et|suffixes|genitive|-ja|||partitive|-jat|||cat2=noun-forming suffixes|f1accel-form=gen|s|f1request=1|f2accel-form=gen|s|f3accel-form=par|s|f3request=1|f4accel-form=par|s|head=}} -ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat), {{et-noun|-ja|-jat|suff=1}} -ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat) Inflection templates: {{et-decl-ohutu|-ja}} Forms: -ja [genitive], -jat [partitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], -ja [nominative, singular], -jad [nominative, plural], -ja [accusative, nominative, singular], -jad [accusative, nominative, plural], -ja [accusative, genitive, singular], -jad [accusative, genitive, plural], -ja [genitive, singular], -jate [genitive, plural], -jat [partitive, singular], -jaid [partitive, plural], -jasse [illative, singular], -jatesse [illative, plural], -jaisse [illative, plural], -jas [inessive, singular], -jates [inessive, plural], -jais [inessive, plural], -jast [elative, singular], -jatest [elative, plural], -jaist [elative, plural], -jale [allative, singular], -jatele [allative, plural], -jaile [allative, plural], -jal [adessive, singular], -jatel [adessive, plural], -jail [adessive, plural], -jalt [ablative, singular], -jatelt [ablative, plural], -jailt [ablative, plural], -jaks [singular, translative], -jateks [plural, translative], -jaiks [plural, translative], -jani [singular, terminative], -jateni [plural, terminative], -jana [essive, singular], -jatena [essive, plural], -jata [abessive, singular], -jateta [abessive, plural], -jaga [comitative, singular], -jatega [comitative, plural]
  1. -er; appended to verbal stems to form agent nouns, especially human ones Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ja-et-suffix-I~-uVR7w Categories (other): Estonian entries with incorrect language header, Estonian ohutu-type nominals Disambiguation of Estonian entries with incorrect language header: 68 32
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Head templates: {{head|et|suffix|cat2=adverb-forming suffixes}} -ja
  1. derives various adverbs Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ja-et-suffix-~Qtbt1CG
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for -ja meaning in Estonian (5.3kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish -ja",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ja, from Proto-Uralic *-ja. Cognate with Finnish -ja.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jat",
      "tags": [
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "et-decl-ohutu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1/ohutu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jat",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jasse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatesse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaisse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jates",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jast",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatest",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jail",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jalt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatelt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jailt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jateks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jateni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jateta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatega",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "10": "",
        "2": "suffixes",
        "3": "genitive",
        "4": "-ja",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "partitive",
        "8": "-jat",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "f1accel-form": "gen|s",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f2accel-form": "gen|s",
        "f3accel-form": "par|s",
        "f3request": "1",
        "f4accel-form": "par|s",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ja",
        "2": "-jat",
        "suff": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)",
      "name": "et-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ja"
      },
      "name": "et-decl-ohutu"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Estonian",
  "lang_code": "et",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Estonian ohutu-type nominals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "-er; appended to verbal stems to form agent nouns, especially human ones"
      ],
      "id": "en--ja-et-suffix-I~-uVR7w",
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ja"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ja",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Estonian",
  "lang_code": "et",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sala \"secretly\" → salaja \"secretly\""
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "derives various adverbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--ja-et-suffix-~Qtbt1CG",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ja"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Estonian adverb-forming suffixes",
    "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Estonian lemmas",
    "Estonian noun-forming suffixes",
    "Estonian ohutu-type nominals",
    "Estonian suffixes",
    "Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
    "Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
    "Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish -ja",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-ja, from Proto-Uralic *-ja. Cognate with Finnish -ja.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jat",
      "tags": [
        "partitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "et-decl-ohutu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no gradation",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1/ohutu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jat",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jasse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatesse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaisse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jates",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jast",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatest",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaist",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jale",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jal",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jail",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jalt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatelt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jailt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jateks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jateni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jateta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jaga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatega",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "10": "",
        "2": "suffixes",
        "3": "genitive",
        "4": "-ja",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "partitive",
        "8": "-jat",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "f1accel-form": "gen|s",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f2accel-form": "gen|s",
        "f3accel-form": "par|s",
        "f3request": "1",
        "f4accel-form": "par|s",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ja",
        "2": "-jat",
        "suff": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ja (genitive -ja, partitive -jat)",
      "name": "et-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ja"
      },
      "name": "et-decl-ohutu"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Estonian",
  "lang_code": "et",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "-er; appended to verbal stems to form agent nouns, especially human ones"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-er",
          "-er"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ja"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Estonian adverb-forming suffixes",
    "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Estonian lemmas",
    "Estonian suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ja",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Estonian",
  "lang_code": "et",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sala \"secretly\" → salaja \"secretly\""
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "derives various adverbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ja"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Estonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.