"wend" meaning in English

See wend in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /wɛnd/ [General-American, UK] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wend.wav [Southern-England] Forms: wends [plural]
Rhymes: -ɛnd Etymology: From Middle English wenden, from Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), causative of *windaną (“to wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). Cognate with Dutch wenden (“to turn”), German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), Danish vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”). Related to wind (Etymology 2). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|wenden}} Middle English wenden, {{inh|en|ang|wendan||to turn, change, translate}} Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*wandijan}} Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*wandijaną||to turn}} Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), {{m|gem-pro|*windaną||to wind}} *windaną (“to wind”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*wendʰ-||to turn, wind, braid}} Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”), {{cog|nl|wenden||to turn}} Dutch wenden (“to turn”), {{cog|de|wenden||to turn, reverse}} German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), {{cog|da|vende||to turn}} Danish vende (“to turn”), {{cog|nb|vende||to turn}} Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), {{cog|nn|venda||to turn}} Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), {{cog|sv|vända||to turn, turn over, veer, direct}} Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), {{cog|is|venda||to wend, turn, change}} Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), {{cog|got|𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽||to cause to turn}} Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”), {{m|en|wind}} wind Head templates: {{en-noun}} wend (plural wends)
  1. (obsolete, UK, law) A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit Tags: UK, obsolete Categories (topical): Law
    Sense id: en-wend-en-noun-WJQdkw-7 Categories (other): British English Topics: law

Verb

IPA: /wɛnd/ [General-American, UK] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wend.wav [Southern-England] Forms: wends [present, singular, third-person], wending [participle, present], wended [participle, past], wended [past], went [archaic, participle, past], went [archaic, past]
Rhymes: -ɛnd Etymology: From Middle English wenden, from Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), causative of *windaną (“to wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). Cognate with Dutch wenden (“to turn”), German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), Danish vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”). Related to wind (Etymology 2). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|wenden}} Middle English wenden, {{inh|en|ang|wendan||to turn, change, translate}} Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*wandijan}} Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*wandijaną||to turn}} Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), {{m|gem-pro|*windaną||to wind}} *windaną (“to wind”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*wendʰ-||to turn, wind, braid}} Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”), {{cog|nl|wenden||to turn}} Dutch wenden (“to turn”), {{cog|de|wenden||to turn, reverse}} German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), {{cog|da|vende||to turn}} Danish vende (“to turn”), {{cog|nb|vende||to turn}} Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), {{cog|nn|venda||to turn}} Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), {{cog|sv|vända||to turn, turn over, veer, direct}} Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), {{cog|is|venda||to wend, turn, change}} Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), {{cog|got|𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽||to cause to turn}} Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”), {{m|en|wind}} wind Head templates: {{en-verb|past2=went|past2_qual=archaic}} wend (third-person singular simple present wends, present participle wending, simple past and past participle wended or (archaic) went)
  1. (transitive, obsolete) To turn; change, to adapt. Tags: obsolete, transitive
    Sense id: en-wend-en-verb-vQz42HdX
  2. (transitive) To direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way. Tags: transitive Translations (to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way): тръгвам (trǎgvam) (Bulgarian), отправям се (otpravjam se) (Bulgarian), ubírat se [imperfective] (Czech), směřovat [imperfective] (Czech), namířit si to [perfective] (Czech), folgen (German), verfolgen (German), направляться (napravljatʹsja) (Russian), yönelmek (Turkish), прямувати (prjamuvaty) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-wend-en-verb-KrjBB5Lt Disambiguation of "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way": 0 98 1 1
  3. (intransitive, obsolete) To turn; make a turn; go round; veer. Tags: intransitive, obsolete
    Sense id: en-wend-en-verb-6HmRgewG
  4. (intransitive, obsolete) To pass away; disappear; depart; vanish. Tags: intransitive, obsolete
    Sense id: en-wend-en-verb-TYwUd3OO Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 34 6 6 8 45
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: to betake oneself Derived forms: bewend, wander, wending Related terms: wind

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for wend meaning in English (13.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bewend"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wander"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wending"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wenden"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wenden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wendan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, change, translate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wandijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wandijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wandijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*windaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wind"
      },
      "expansion": "*windaną (“to wind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wendʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, wind, braid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wenden (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, reverse"
      },
      "expansion": "German wenden (“to turn, reverse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vända",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, turn over, veer, direct"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wend, turn, change"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cause to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wind"
      },
      "expansion": "wind",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wenden, from Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), causative of *windaną (“to wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”).\nCognate with Dutch wenden (“to turn”), German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), Danish vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”). Related to wind (Etymology 2).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wends",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wending",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wended",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wended",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "went",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "went",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "went",
        "past2_qual": "archaic"
      },
      "expansion": "wend (third-person singular simple present wends, present participle wending, simple past and past participle wended or (archaic) went)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wind"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To turn; change, to adapt."
      ],
      "id": "en-wend-en-verb-vQz42HdX",
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ],
        [
          "adapt",
          "adapt"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To turn; change, to adapt."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We wended our weary way westward.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Realised Ideals”, in The French Revolution: A History",
          "text": "The Merovingian Kings, slowly wending on their bullock-carts through the streets of Paris, with their long hair flowing, have all wended slowly on,—into Eternity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 October 1, Robin Craig, “In term-opener, justices will hear Mississippi’s complaint that Tennessee is stealing its groundwater”, in SCOTUSblog",
          "text": "Like most original jurisdiction water cases, Mississippi v. Tennessee has taken a few years to wend its way to Supreme Court oral argument, and that argument will be keyed to the parties’ objections to the report of a court-appointed special master.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 April 7, Andy Greenberg, “Inside the Bitcoin Bust That Took Down the Web’s Biggest Child Abuse Site”, in WIRED",
          "text": "This evidentiary lead had then wended its way from the NCA’s child exploitation investigations team to the computer crime team",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way."
      ],
      "id": "en-wend-en-verb-KrjBB5Lt",
      "links": [
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "pursue",
          "pursue"
        ],
        [
          "proceed",
          "proceed"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course"
        ],
        [
          "way",
          "way"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "trǎgvam",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "тръгвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otpravjam se",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "отправям се"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "ubírat se"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "směřovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "namířit si to"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "folgen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "verfolgen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "napravljatʹsja",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "направляться"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "yönelmek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 98 1 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "prjamuvaty",
          "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
          "word": "прямувати"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1611, Walter Raleigh, A Discourse on the Invention of Ships &c.",
          "text": "with the prowe at both ends, so as they need not to wend or hold water",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To turn; make a turn; go round; veer."
      ],
      "id": "en-wend-en-verb-6HmRgewG",
      "links": [
        [
          "veer",
          "veer"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, obsolete) To turn; make a turn; go round; veer."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 6 6 8 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pass away; disappear; depart; vanish."
      ],
      "id": "en-wend-en-verb-TYwUd3OO",
      "links": [
        [
          "pass away",
          "pass away"
        ],
        [
          "disappear",
          "disappear"
        ],
        [
          "depart",
          "depart"
        ],
        [
          "vanish",
          "vanish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, obsolete) To pass away; disappear; depart; vanish."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛnd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wend.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "to betake oneself"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Mental Floss",
    "Pocket (service)"
  ],
  "word": "wend"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wenden"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wenden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wendan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, change, translate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wandijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wandijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wandijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*windaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wind"
      },
      "expansion": "*windaną (“to wind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wendʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, wind, braid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wenden (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, reverse"
      },
      "expansion": "German wenden (“to turn, reverse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vända",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, turn over, veer, direct"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wend, turn, change"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cause to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wind"
      },
      "expansion": "wind",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wenden, from Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), causative of *windaną (“to wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”).\nCognate with Dutch wenden (“to turn”), German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), Danish vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”). Related to wind (Etymology 2).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wends",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wend (plural wends)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit"
      ],
      "id": "en-wend-en-noun-WJQdkw-7",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "extent",
          "extent"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ],
        [
          "perambulation",
          "perambulation"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, UK, law) A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛnd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wend.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wend"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bewend"
    },
    {
      "word": "wander"
    },
    {
      "word": "wending"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wenden"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wenden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wendan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, change, translate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wandijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wandijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wandijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*windaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wind"
      },
      "expansion": "*windaną (“to wind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wendʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, wind, braid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wenden (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, reverse"
      },
      "expansion": "German wenden (“to turn, reverse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vända",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, turn over, veer, direct"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wend, turn, change"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cause to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wind"
      },
      "expansion": "wind",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wenden, from Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), causative of *windaną (“to wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”).\nCognate with Dutch wenden (“to turn”), German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), Danish vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”). Related to wind (Etymology 2).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wends",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wending",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wended",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wended",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "went",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "went",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "went",
        "past2_qual": "archaic"
      },
      "expansion": "wend (third-person singular simple present wends, present participle wending, simple past and past participle wended or (archaic) went)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "wind"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To turn; change, to adapt."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ],
        [
          "change",
          "change"
        ],
        [
          "adapt",
          "adapt"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, obsolete) To turn; change, to adapt."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We wended our weary way westward.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Realised Ideals”, in The French Revolution: A History",
          "text": "The Merovingian Kings, slowly wending on their bullock-carts through the streets of Paris, with their long hair flowing, have all wended slowly on,—into Eternity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2021 October 1, Robin Craig, “In term-opener, justices will hear Mississippi’s complaint that Tennessee is stealing its groundwater”, in SCOTUSblog",
          "text": "Like most original jurisdiction water cases, Mississippi v. Tennessee has taken a few years to wend its way to Supreme Court oral argument, and that argument will be keyed to the parties’ objections to the report of a court-appointed special master.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 April 7, Andy Greenberg, “Inside the Bitcoin Bust That Took Down the Web’s Biggest Child Abuse Site”, in WIRED",
          "text": "This evidentiary lead had then wended its way from the NCA’s child exploitation investigations team to the computer crime team",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "pursue",
          "pursue"
        ],
        [
          "proceed",
          "proceed"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course"
        ],
        [
          "way",
          "way"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1611, Walter Raleigh, A Discourse on the Invention of Ships &c.",
          "text": "with the prowe at both ends, so as they need not to wend or hold water",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To turn; make a turn; go round; veer."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "veer",
          "veer"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, obsolete) To turn; make a turn; go round; veer."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pass away; disappear; depart; vanish."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pass away",
          "pass away"
        ],
        [
          "disappear",
          "disappear"
        ],
        [
          "depart",
          "depart"
        ],
        [
          "vanish",
          "vanish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, obsolete) To pass away; disappear; depart; vanish."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛnd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wend.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "to betake oneself"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "trǎgvam",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "тръгвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otpravjam se",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "отправям се"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ubírat se"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "směřovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "namířit si to"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "folgen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "verfolgen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "napravljatʹsja",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "направляться"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "yönelmek"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "prjamuvaty",
      "sense": "to direct (one's way or course); pursue one's way; proceed upon some course or way",
      "word": "прямувати"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Mental Floss",
    "Pocket (service)"
  ],
  "word": "wend"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛnd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛnd/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wenden"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wenden",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wendan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, change, translate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wandijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wandijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wandijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*windaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wind"
      },
      "expansion": "*windaną (“to wind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wendʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, wind, braid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wenden (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "wenden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, reverse"
      },
      "expansion": "German wenden (“to turn, reverse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "vende",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vända",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, turn over, veer, direct"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "venda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to wend, turn, change"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to cause to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wind"
      },
      "expansion": "wind",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English wenden, from Old English wendan (“to turn, change, translate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną (“to turn”), causative of *windaną (“to wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”).\nCognate with Dutch wenden (“to turn”), German wenden (“to turn, reverse”), Danish vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Bokmål vende (“to turn”), Norwegian Nynorsk venda (“to turn”), Swedish vända (“to turn, turn over, veer, direct”), Icelandic venda (“to wend, turn, change”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan, “to cause to turn”). Related to wind (Etymology 2).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wends",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "wend (plural wends)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "extent",
          "extent"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ],
        [
          "perambulation",
          "perambulation"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, UK, law) A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛnd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-wend.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-wend.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wend"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.