See unguligrade in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for unguligrade meaning in English (14.6kB)
{
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"args": {
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"2": "LL.",
"3": "unguligradus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin unguligradus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "-"
},
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{
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"3": "*h₃negʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "nail"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*gʰredʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go, to walk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go, to walk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ongulograde"
},
"expansion": "French ongulograde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin unguligradus, from ungula (“claw, hoof”) (from unguis (“fingernail or toenail; claw; hoof”), from Proto-Italic, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”)) + gradus (“pace, step”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go, to walk”)). Compare French ongulograde.",
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"un‧gu‧li‧grade"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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{
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "subunguligrade"
},
{
"word": "unguligradism"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865 March, J. C. Schjödte [i.e., Jørgen Matthias Christian Schiødte], “XXII.—On the Classification of Cerambyces, with Particular Regard to the Danish Fauna. [Translated from the Naturhistorsk Tidsskrift (1864), ser. 3, vol. ii, p. 483.]”, in Prideaux John Selby, Charles C. Babington, John Edward Gray, William Francis, editors, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, volume XV (3rd series), number 87, London: Printed and published by Taylor and Francis, →OCLC, pages 182–183",
"text": "It has perhaps not been observed hitherto that the terms Digitigrada, Unguligrada, and Plantigrada fully apply to the Arthropoda, or that the manner in which the animals treat the ground and the corresponding structure of their feet deserve special attention as distinctive characters of classes and orders in this series of the animal kingdom; yet it is so. […] All Crustacea (including the Myriapoda, which merely exhibit the Crustacean type modified for terrestrial life) are Unguligrada; and the same is the case with all larvæ of Insects with complete metamorphosis, and with some of the lower groups of Insects, especially Thysanoura and Siphunculata—the unguligrade Arthropoda being at the same time, with few exceptions, also Solipeda.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Thomas H[enry] Huxley, “The Classification and Organization of the Mammalia”, in A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 549 & 551 Broadway, →OCLC, pages 297–298",
"text": "That excessive development of the epidermis which gives rise to a nail takes place, in the Horse, not only upon the dorsal surface of the terminal joint of the digit, but upon its ventral surface and sides, and thus produces a hoof. The animal is supported by these greatly-developed nails, and hence is said to be unguligrade.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1988, R. Norman Owen-Smith, “Prologue”, in Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology (Cambridge Studies in Ecology), Cambridge, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press; 1st paperback edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, page 1",
"text": "The subjects of this book are the animals I will designate as megaherbivores. […] Such animals have been colloquially designated pachyderms; but a thick skin is a minor feature, and it is their very large body size that sets these few species apart from the numerous smaller species of unguligrade herbivore that occupy a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems today.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"That walks on hooves."
],
"id": "en-unguligrade-en-adj-Y-0VoIQc",
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[
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"zoology"
],
[
"walks",
"walk#Verb"
],
[
"hooves",
"hoof"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) That walks on hooves."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "karngerzher"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tíxíngxìng",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "蹄行性"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "kaviokyntinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "onguligrade"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ungulado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "unguligrado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "unguligrada"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "unguligradus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kopýtnyje",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "копы́тные"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "ungulado"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "carn-gerddol"
}
]
}
],
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"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"word": "unguligrade"
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"etymology_text": "From Late Latin unguligradus, from ungula (“claw, hoof”) (from unguis (“fingernail or toenail; claw; hoof”), from Proto-Italic, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”)) + gradus (“pace, step”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go, to walk”)). Compare French ongulograde.",
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "lifeform",
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"Chordates",
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"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "digitigrade"
},
{
"word": "plantigrade"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866 October, “[The British Association for the Advancement of Science. Meeting at Nottingham, August, 1866.] Biology. (Section D.)”, in James Samuelson, William Crookes, editors, The Quarterly Journal of Science, volume III, London: John Churchill and Sons, New Burlington Street, →OCLC, page 543",
"text": "Dr. [Philip] Sclater submitted a classification of the Ruminating Artio-dactyls to the Section, in which he separated the Antilocapra from the other Unguligrades.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Seth M. Kisia, “Skeletal System”, in Vertebrates: Structures and Functions (Biological Systems in Vertebrates), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press; Enfield, N.H.: Science Publishers, page 112",
"text": "Unguligrades (L. ungula, hoof) have reduced the number of digits present in their limbs. The unguligrade foot makes contact with the ground at the tips of the most distal digits and hooves have replaced claws. Unguligrades include ungulates such as ruminants, horses and pigs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Michael D. Mattesi, “The FORCE Animal”, in Force: Animal Drawing: Animal Locomotion and Design Concepts for Animators, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxford: Focal Press, page 13",
"text": "A cheetah is a digitigrade and moves faster than a horse, an unguligrade.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An animal that walks on hooves."
],
"id": "en-unguligrade-en-noun-~TDtUiRJ",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"hooves",
"hoof#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) An animal that walks on hooves."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "unguiculate"
},
{
"word": "ungulate"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karngerzher"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"word": "kaviokyntinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "onguligrade"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Spitzengänger"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ungulado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tåspetsgångare"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carngerddwr"
}
]
}
],
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]
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]
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],
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{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
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"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Mammals"
],
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{
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}
],
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},
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],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin unguligradus, from ungula (“claw, hoof”) (from unguis (“fingernail or toenail; claw; hoof”), from Proto-Italic, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”)) + gradus (“pace, step”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go, to walk”)). Compare French ongulograde.",
"head_templates": [
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"categories": [
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865 March, J. C. Schjödte [i.e., Jørgen Matthias Christian Schiødte], “XXII.—On the Classification of Cerambyces, with Particular Regard to the Danish Fauna. [Translated from the Naturhistorsk Tidsskrift (1864), ser. 3, vol. ii, p. 483.]”, in Prideaux John Selby, Charles C. Babington, John Edward Gray, William Francis, editors, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, volume XV (3rd series), number 87, London: Printed and published by Taylor and Francis, →OCLC, pages 182–183",
"text": "It has perhaps not been observed hitherto that the terms Digitigrada, Unguligrada, and Plantigrada fully apply to the Arthropoda, or that the manner in which the animals treat the ground and the corresponding structure of their feet deserve special attention as distinctive characters of classes and orders in this series of the animal kingdom; yet it is so. […] All Crustacea (including the Myriapoda, which merely exhibit the Crustacean type modified for terrestrial life) are Unguligrada; and the same is the case with all larvæ of Insects with complete metamorphosis, and with some of the lower groups of Insects, especially Thysanoura and Siphunculata—the unguligrade Arthropoda being at the same time, with few exceptions, also Solipeda.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1872, Thomas H[enry] Huxley, “The Classification and Organization of the Mammalia”, in A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 549 & 551 Broadway, →OCLC, pages 297–298",
"text": "That excessive development of the epidermis which gives rise to a nail takes place, in the Horse, not only upon the dorsal surface of the terminal joint of the digit, but upon its ventral surface and sides, and thus produces a hoof. The animal is supported by these greatly-developed nails, and hence is said to be unguligrade.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1988, R. Norman Owen-Smith, “Prologue”, in Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology (Cambridge Studies in Ecology), Cambridge, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press; 1st paperback edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, page 1",
"text": "The subjects of this book are the animals I will designate as megaherbivores. […] Such animals have been colloquially designated pachyderms; but a thick skin is a minor feature, and it is their very large body size that sets these few species apart from the numerous smaller species of unguligrade herbivore that occupy a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems today.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That walks on hooves."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"walks",
"walk#Verb"
],
[
"hooves",
"hoof"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) That walks on hooves."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌŋˈɡjuːlɪˌɡɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "karngerzher"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tíxíngxìng",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "蹄行性"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "kaviokyntinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "onguligrade"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ungulado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "unguligrado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "unguligrada"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "unguligradus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kopýtnyje",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "копы́тные"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "ungulado"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "that walks on hooves",
"word": "carn-gerddol"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Einsiedeln Abbey"
],
"word": "unguligrade"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English undefined derivations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Mammals"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "digitigrade"
},
{
"word": "plantigrade"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "unguligradus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin unguligradus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃negʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰredʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go, to walk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go, to walk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ongulograde"
},
"expansion": "French ongulograde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin unguligradus, from ungula (“claw, hoof”) (from unguis (“fingernail or toenail; claw; hoof”), from Proto-Italic, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ- (“nail”)) + gradus (“pace, step”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to go, to walk”)). Compare French ongulograde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "unguligrades",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "unguligrade (plural unguligrades)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧gu‧li‧grade"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "unguiculate"
},
{
"word": "ungulate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Zoology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866 October, “[The British Association for the Advancement of Science. Meeting at Nottingham, August, 1866.] Biology. (Section D.)”, in James Samuelson, William Crookes, editors, The Quarterly Journal of Science, volume III, London: John Churchill and Sons, New Burlington Street, →OCLC, page 543",
"text": "Dr. [Philip] Sclater submitted a classification of the Ruminating Artio-dactyls to the Section, in which he separated the Antilocapra from the other Unguligrades.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Seth M. Kisia, “Skeletal System”, in Vertebrates: Structures and Functions (Biological Systems in Vertebrates), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press; Enfield, N.H.: Science Publishers, page 112",
"text": "Unguligrades (L. ungula, hoof) have reduced the number of digits present in their limbs. The unguligrade foot makes contact with the ground at the tips of the most distal digits and hooves have replaced claws. Unguligrades include ungulates such as ruminants, horses and pigs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Michael D. Mattesi, “The FORCE Animal”, in Force: Animal Drawing: Animal Locomotion and Design Concepts for Animators, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxford: Focal Press, page 13",
"text": "A cheetah is a digitigrade and moves faster than a horse, an unguligrade.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An animal that walks on hooves."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"hooves",
"hoof#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) An animal that walks on hooves."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌŋˈɡjuːlɪˌɡɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-unguligrade.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karngerzher"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"word": "kaviokyntinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "onguligrade"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Spitzengänger"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ungulado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tåspetsgångare"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "animal that walks on hooves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carngerddwr"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Einsiedeln Abbey"
],
"word": "unguligrade"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.