See tarkhan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*tarkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *tarkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "單于"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 單于 (chányú)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chanyu"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chanyu",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a descendant of Proto-Turkic *tarkan, ultimate origin uncertain. See Chinese 單于 (chányú) and the Wikipedia page for more. Doublet of chanyu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tarkhans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Tarkhan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tarkhan (plural tarkhans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Armenian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tatar terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Buryat translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khamnigan Mongol translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Turkic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"ref": "2007 May 6, Michael Chabon, “‘Gentlemen of the Road’”, in New York Times:",
"text": "The tarkhan, leader of the Khazar army, meets Amram, Zelikman and a green-eyed young person who claims to be Alp, the brother of Filaq.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
45
],
[
177,
185
]
],
"ref": "1980, Manfred Späth, “Beiträge zur 4. Internationalen Konferenz über Altrussische Geschichte. Begunov, \"Weisse Rus\".”, in Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, Bd. 27, page 164:",
"text": "Already by the time of Genghis Khan, tarkhans were exempt from taxes and various economic services; they later became a privileged estate or class. In the Kazanian society, the tarkhans constituted a privileged, landowning, and conditionally hereditary nobility which was exempted from taxes and most other obligations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ancient Central Asian title used by various Turkic, Mongolic and Indo-European (Scythian and Tokharian) peoples, especially in the medieval era, and prominently among the successors of the Mongol Empire; it generally conferred exemption from taxation."
],
"id": "en-tarkhan-en-noun-qp0pBPpi",
"links": [
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic#English"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic#English"
],
[
"Indo-European",
"Indo-European#English"
],
[
"Scythian",
"Scythian#English"
],
[
"Tokharian",
"Tokharian#English"
],
[
"Mongol Empire",
"w:Mongol Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An ancient Central Asian title used by various Turkic, Mongolic and Indo-European (Scythian and Tokharian) peoples, especially in the medieval era, and prominently among the successors of the Mongol Empire; it generally conferred exemption from taxation."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻarxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "թարխան"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"lang_code": "bua",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархан"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "tarxani",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "თარხანი"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"lang_code": "xal",
"roman": "darxn",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархн"
},
{
"code": "ykh",
"lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
"lang_code": "ykh",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархан"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "darhan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ᡩᠠᡵᡥᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "darqan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дархан"
},
{
"alt": "t¹r¹qn¹ /tarqan/",
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tarkan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "تارخان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tarxân",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ترخان"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tarxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "тархан"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "tarxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "тархан"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "tarkan"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "dargan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дарган"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "darga",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дарга"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"lang_code": "xwo",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ᡑᠠᠷᡍᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "darqan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархан"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Tarkhan",
"tarkhan"
]
}
],
"word": "tarkhan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*tarkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *tarkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "單于"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 單于 (chányú)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chanyu"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chanyu",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a descendant of Proto-Turkic *tarkan, ultimate origin uncertain. See Chinese 單于 (chányú) and the Wikipedia page for more. Doublet of chanyu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tarkhans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Tarkhan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tarkhan (plural tarkhans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Armenian terms with redundant script codes",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Tatar terms with redundant script codes",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Buryat translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Khamnigan Mongol translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Old Turkic translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"ref": "2007 May 6, Michael Chabon, “‘Gentlemen of the Road’”, in New York Times:",
"text": "The tarkhan, leader of the Khazar army, meets Amram, Zelikman and a green-eyed young person who claims to be Alp, the brother of Filaq.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
45
],
[
177,
185
]
],
"ref": "1980, Manfred Späth, “Beiträge zur 4. Internationalen Konferenz über Altrussische Geschichte. Begunov, \"Weisse Rus\".”, in Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, Bd. 27, page 164:",
"text": "Already by the time of Genghis Khan, tarkhans were exempt from taxes and various economic services; they later became a privileged estate or class. In the Kazanian society, the tarkhans constituted a privileged, landowning, and conditionally hereditary nobility which was exempted from taxes and most other obligations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ancient Central Asian title used by various Turkic, Mongolic and Indo-European (Scythian and Tokharian) peoples, especially in the medieval era, and prominently among the successors of the Mongol Empire; it generally conferred exemption from taxation."
],
"links": [
[
"Turkic",
"Turkic#English"
],
[
"Mongolic",
"Mongolic#English"
],
[
"Indo-European",
"Indo-European#English"
],
[
"Scythian",
"Scythian#English"
],
[
"Tokharian",
"Tokharian#English"
],
[
"Mongol Empire",
"w:Mongol Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An ancient Central Asian title used by various Turkic, Mongolic and Indo-European (Scythian and Tokharian) peoples, especially in the medieval era, and prominently among the successors of the Mongol Empire; it generally conferred exemption from taxation."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Tarkhan",
"tarkhan"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻarxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "թարխան"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"lang_code": "bua",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархан"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "tarxani",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "თარხანი"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"lang_code": "xal",
"roman": "darxn",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархн"
},
{
"code": "ykh",
"lang": "Khamnigan Mongol",
"lang_code": "ykh",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархан"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "darhan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ᡩᠠᡵᡥᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "darqan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дархан"
},
{
"alt": "t¹r¹qn¹ /tarqan/",
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "tarkan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "تارخان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tarxân",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ترخان"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tarxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "тархан"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "tarxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "тархан"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "tarkan"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "dargan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дарган"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "darga",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дарга"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"lang_code": "xwo",
"roman": "darxan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "ᡑᠠᠷᡍᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "darqan",
"sense": "ancient Central Asian/Turkic title",
"word": "дархан"
}
],
"word": "tarkhan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tarkhan meaning in English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.