"super-token" meaning in English

See super-token in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈsupɚˌtoʊkən/ [Canada, US] Forms: super-tokens [plural]
Etymology: Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006. Etymology templates: {{coin|en|Sali Tagliamonte|in=2006}} Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006 Head templates: {{en-noun}} super-token (plural super-tokens)
  1. (sociolinguistics) An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse. Categories (topical): Sociolinguistics Synonyms: supertoken, super token
    Sense id: en-super-token-en-noun-fM74pDpj Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences, social-science, sociolinguistics, sociology

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for super-token meaning in English (3.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Sali Tagliamonte",
        "in": "2006"
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      "expansion": "Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006",
      "name": "coin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "super-tokens",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "super-token (plural super-tokens)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sociolinguistics",
          "orig": "en:Sociolinguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Sociology",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Sali A. Tagliamonte, Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 168",
          "text": "Another useful technique is to incorporate ‘super-tokens’ directly into the top of the token file so that they are readily found when needed; for example, writing an abstract or reporting preliminary results.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Panayiotis A. Pappas, “A new sociolinguistic variable in Cypriot Greek”, in Angela Ralli, Brian D. Joseph, Mark Janse, Athanasios Karasimos, editors, Research on Greek Dialects: Institutions and Projects, →ISSN",
          "text": "In this corpus, the best example of a super token can be seen in the following excerpt (1), where an educated female speaker in her mid-twenties, who is recounting a recent trip to Sweden, switches between a palatal lateral and a palatal fricative in the middle of a noun phrase",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, Luis Alberto Mendez, “The variant [ʃ] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juárez”, in Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics, volume 6, number 1, →DOI, page 244",
          "text": "The following super token was extracted from one of the informants who participated in the sociolinguistic interview for this research.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019, Nick Palfreyman, Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A Typological and Sociolinguistic Analysis, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, page 143",
          "text": "Example (48) presents a supertoken where a Solonese signer uses SUDAH:4 and SUDAH:1 in consecutive clauses; these clauses have the same meaning, and hence are semantically equivalent (there are other examples where a variant form occurs in both pre-predicate and post-predicate slots without apparent difference in meaning, although more research is needed on this).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
      ],
      "id": "en-super-token-en-noun-fM74pDpj",
      "links": [
        [
          "sociolinguistics",
          "sociolinguistics"
        ],
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          "variant",
          "variant"
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          "sociolinguistic variable",
          "sociolinguistic variable"
        ],
        [
          "discourse",
          "discourse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sociolinguistics) An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "supertoken"
        },
        {
          "word": "super token"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences",
        "social-science",
        "sociolinguistics",
        "sociology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsupɚˌtoʊkən/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "super-token"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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        "in": "2006"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006",
      "name": "coin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "super-tokens",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "super-token (plural super-tokens)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
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        "English coinages",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms coined by Sali Tagliamonte",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Sociolinguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Sali A. Tagliamonte, Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 168",
          "text": "Another useful technique is to incorporate ‘super-tokens’ directly into the top of the token file so that they are readily found when needed; for example, writing an abstract or reporting preliminary results.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Panayiotis A. Pappas, “A new sociolinguistic variable in Cypriot Greek”, in Angela Ralli, Brian D. Joseph, Mark Janse, Athanasios Karasimos, editors, Research on Greek Dialects: Institutions and Projects, →ISSN",
          "text": "In this corpus, the best example of a super token can be seen in the following excerpt (1), where an educated female speaker in her mid-twenties, who is recounting a recent trip to Sweden, switches between a palatal lateral and a palatal fricative in the middle of a noun phrase",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, Luis Alberto Mendez, “The variant [ʃ] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juárez”, in Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics, volume 6, number 1, →DOI, page 244",
          "text": "The following super token was extracted from one of the informants who participated in the sociolinguistic interview for this research.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019, Nick Palfreyman, Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A Typological and Sociolinguistic Analysis, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, page 143",
          "text": "Example (48) presents a supertoken where a Solonese signer uses SUDAH:4 and SUDAH:1 in consecutive clauses; these clauses have the same meaning, and hence are semantically equivalent (there are other examples where a variant form occurs in both pre-predicate and post-predicate slots without apparent difference in meaning, although more research is needed on this).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
      ],
      "links": [
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          "sociolinguistics",
          "sociolinguistics"
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        [
          "variant",
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          "sociolinguistic variable",
          "sociolinguistic variable"
        ],
        [
          "discourse",
          "discourse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sociolinguistics) An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences",
        "social-science",
        "sociolinguistics",
        "sociology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsupɚˌtoʊkən/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "supertoken"
    },
    {
      "word": "super token"
    }
  ],
  "word": "super-token"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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