See super-token on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "Sali Tagliamonte",
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"name": "coin"
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],
"etymology_text": "Coined by Sali Tagliamonte in 2006.",
"forms": [
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"form": "super-tokens",
"tags": [
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Sali A. Tagliamonte, Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168:",
"text": "Another useful technique is to incorporate ‘super-tokens’ directly into the top of the token file so that they are readily found when needed; for example, writing an abstract or reporting preliminary results.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Panayiotis A. Pappas, “A new sociolinguistic variable in Cypriot Greek”, in Angela Ralli, Brian D. Joseph, Mark Janse, Athanasios Karasimos, editors, Research on Greek Dialects: Institutions and Projects, →ISSN:",
"text": "In this corpus, the best example of a super token can be seen in the following excerpt (1), where an educated female speaker in her mid-twenties, who is recounting a recent trip to Sweden, switches between a palatal lateral and a palatal fricative in the middle of a noun phrase",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Luis Alberto Mendez, “The variant [ʃ] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juárez”, in Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics, volume 6, number 1, →DOI, page 244:",
"text": "The following super token was extracted from one of the informants who participated in the sociolinguistic interview for this research.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Nick Palfreyman, Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A Typological and Sociolinguistic Analysis, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 143:",
"text": "Example (48) presents a supertoken where a Solonese signer uses SUDAH:4 and SUDAH:1 in consecutive clauses; these clauses have the same meaning, and hence are semantically equivalent (there are other examples where a variant form occurs in both pre-predicate and post-predicate slots without apparent difference in meaning, although more research is needed on this).",
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"An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
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"id": "en-super-token-en-noun-fM74pDpj",
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"raw_glosses": [
"(sociolinguistics) An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "supertoken"
},
{
"word": "super token"
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"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈsupɚˌtoʊkən/",
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"forms": [
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"form": "super-tokens",
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"ref": "2006, Sali A. Tagliamonte, Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168:",
"text": "Another useful technique is to incorporate ‘super-tokens’ directly into the top of the token file so that they are readily found when needed; for example, writing an abstract or reporting preliminary results.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Panayiotis A. Pappas, “A new sociolinguistic variable in Cypriot Greek”, in Angela Ralli, Brian D. Joseph, Mark Janse, Athanasios Karasimos, editors, Research on Greek Dialects: Institutions and Projects, →ISSN:",
"text": "In this corpus, the best example of a super token can be seen in the following excerpt (1), where an educated female speaker in her mid-twenties, who is recounting a recent trip to Sweden, switches between a palatal lateral and a palatal fricative in the middle of a noun phrase",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Luis Alberto Mendez, “The variant [ʃ] in the Spanish of Ciudad Juárez”, in Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics, volume 6, number 1, →DOI, page 244:",
"text": "The following super token was extracted from one of the informants who participated in the sociolinguistic interview for this research.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Nick Palfreyman, Variation in Indonesian Sign Language: A Typological and Sociolinguistic Analysis, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, page 143:",
"text": "Example (48) presents a supertoken where a Solonese signer uses SUDAH:4 and SUDAH:1 in consecutive clauses; these clauses have the same meaning, and hence are semantically equivalent (there are other examples where a variant form occurs in both pre-predicate and post-predicate slots without apparent difference in meaning, although more research is needed on this).",
"type": "quote"
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"(sociolinguistics) An instance of the same speaker/signer using two or more variants of a sociolinguistic variable in the same section of discourse."
],
"topics": [
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "supertoken"
},
{
"word": "super token"
}
],
"word": "super-token"
}
Download raw JSONL data for super-token meaning in All languages combined (3.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.