"stark naked" meaning in English

See stark naked in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: From Middle English stert naked (steort nakt, sternaked, star naked); the first element is from Old English steort (“tail”). The change from "start-naked" to "stark-naked" was most likely by folk etymology due to a misinterpretation of the phrase as being a way of saying "starkly naked" ("strongly naked, harshly naked"). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|stert naked}} Middle English stert naked, {{inh|en|ang|steort||tail}} Old English steort (“tail”) Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} stark naked (not comparable)
  1. Completely naked. Tags: not-comparable Synonyms: nude Translations (completely naked): чисто гол (čisto gol) (Bulgarian), conill (Catalan), 赤裸裸 (chìluǒluǒ) (Chinese Mandarin), 全裸 (quánluǒ) (Chinese Mandarin), spilnakin (Faroese), blóðnakin (Faroese), heilt nakin (Faroese), ilkosillaan (Finnish), ilkosen alasti (Finnish), ilkialasti (Finnish), à poil (French), splitternackt (German), splitterfasernackt (German), fasernackt (German), telanjang bulat (Indonesian), tarnocht (Irish), 真っ裸 (mappadaka) (alt: まっぱだか) (Japanese), 素っ裸 (suppadaka) (alt: すっぱだか) (Japanese), 全裸 (zenra) (alt: ぜんら) (Japanese), чармаа нүцгэн (čarmaa nücgen) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), чармаа шалдан (čarmaa šaldan) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᢉᠦᠨ [Mongolian] (Mongolian), ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠱᠠᠯᠳᠠᠩ (čiram-a šaldang) [Mongolian] (Mongolian), gol nap (Romanian), gol pușcă (Romanian), gol ca degetul (Romanian), en pelotas (Spanish), spritt språngande naken (Swedish), noethlymun (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-stark_naked-en-adj-zhJ2RxjW

Noun

Etymology: From Middle English stert naked (steort nakt, sternaked, star naked); the first element is from Old English steort (“tail”). The change from "start-naked" to "stark-naked" was most likely by folk etymology due to a misinterpretation of the phrase as being a way of saying "starkly naked" ("strongly naked, harshly naked"). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|stert naked}} Middle English stert naked, {{inh|en|ang|steort||tail}} Old English steort (“tail”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} stark naked (uncountable)
  1. (slang, archaic) Raw gin. Tags: archaic, slang, uncountable Synonyms: strip me naked
    Sense id: en-stark_naked-en-noun-2UKjqJCs Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Faroese translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 95 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 8 92 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 96 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 96 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Faroese translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 5 95 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 15 85 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 6 94 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Mongolian translations: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 3 97 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 6 94

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stert naked"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "steort",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English steort (“tail”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stert naked (steort nakt, sternaked, star naked); the first element is from Old English steort (“tail”). The change from \"start-naked\" to \"stark-naked\" was most likely by folk etymology due to a misinterpretation of the phrase as being a way of saying \"starkly naked\" (\"strongly naked, harshly naked\").",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "stark naked (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Completely naked."
      ],
      "id": "en-stark_naked-en-adj-zhJ2RxjW",
      "links": [
        [
          "naked",
          "naked"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "nude"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "čisto gol",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "чисто гол"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "conill"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chìluǒluǒ",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "赤裸裸"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "quánluǒ",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "全裸"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "spilnakin"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "blóðnakin"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "heilt nakin"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "ilkosillaan"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "ilkosen alasti"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "ilkialasti"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "à poil"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "splitternackt"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "splitterfasernackt"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "fasernackt"
        },
        {
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "telanjang bulat"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "tarnocht"
        },
        {
          "alt": "まっぱだか",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "mappadaka",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "真っ裸"
        },
        {
          "alt": "すっぱだか",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "suppadaka",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "素っ裸"
        },
        {
          "alt": "ぜんら",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "zenra",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "全裸"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "čarmaa nücgen",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "чармаа нүцгэн"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "čarmaa šaldan",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "чармаа шалдан"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "tags": [
            "Mongolian"
          ],
          "word": "ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᢉᠦᠨ"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "čiram-a šaldang",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "tags": [
            "Mongolian"
          ],
          "word": "ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠱᠠᠯᠳᠠᠩ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "gol nap"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "gol pușcă"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "gol ca degetul"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "en pelotas"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "spritt språngande naken"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "completely naked",
          "word": "noethlymun"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "stark naked"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stert naked"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "steort",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English steort (“tail”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stert naked (steort nakt, sternaked, star naked); the first element is from Old English steort (“tail”). The change from \"start-naked\" to \"stark-naked\" was most likely by folk etymology due to a misinterpretation of the phrase as being a way of saying \"starkly naked\" (\"strongly naked, harshly naked\").",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "stark naked (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870, Langford Cecil, Fenacre Grange, page 15:",
          "text": "\"Give us a glass of 'stark naked,' Job! This plaguey fog's well nigh choked me,\" said Rube, spluttering and coughing, and vituperating it.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Raw gin."
      ],
      "id": "en-stark_naked-en-noun-2UKjqJCs",
      "links": [
        [
          "Raw",
          "raw#English"
        ],
        [
          "gin",
          "gin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, archaic) Raw gin."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "strip me naked"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "slang",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "stark naked"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stert naked"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "steort",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English steort (“tail”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stert naked (steort nakt, sternaked, star naked); the first element is from Old English steort (“tail”). The change from \"start-naked\" to \"stark-naked\" was most likely by folk etymology due to a misinterpretation of the phrase as being a way of saying \"starkly naked\" (\"strongly naked, harshly naked\").",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "stark naked (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Completely naked."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "naked",
          "naked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "nude"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "čisto gol",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "чисто гол"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "conill"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chìluǒluǒ",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "赤裸裸"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "quánluǒ",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "全裸"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "spilnakin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "blóðnakin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "heilt nakin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "ilkosillaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "ilkosen alasti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "ilkialasti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "à poil"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "splitternackt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "splitterfasernackt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "fasernackt"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "telanjang bulat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "tarnocht"
    },
    {
      "alt": "まっぱだか",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "mappadaka",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "真っ裸"
    },
    {
      "alt": "すっぱだか",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "suppadaka",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "素っ裸"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ぜんら",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "zenra",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "全裸"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "čarmaa nücgen",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "чармаа нүцгэн"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "čarmaa šaldan",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "чармаа шалдан"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᢉᠦᠨ"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "čiram-a šaldang",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠱᠠᠯᠳᠠᠩ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "gol nap"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "gol pușcă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "gol ca degetul"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "en pelotas"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "spritt språngande naken"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "completely naked",
      "word": "noethlymun"
    }
  ],
  "word": "stark naked"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stert naked"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "steort",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English steort (“tail”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English stert naked (steort nakt, sternaked, star naked); the first element is from Old English steort (“tail”). The change from \"start-naked\" to \"stark-naked\" was most likely by folk etymology due to a misinterpretation of the phrase as being a way of saying \"starkly naked\" (\"strongly naked, harshly naked\").",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "stark naked (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870, Langford Cecil, Fenacre Grange, page 15:",
          "text": "\"Give us a glass of 'stark naked,' Job! This plaguey fog's well nigh choked me,\" said Rube, spluttering and coughing, and vituperating it.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Raw gin."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Raw",
          "raw#English"
        ],
        [
          "gin",
          "gin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, archaic) Raw gin."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "strip me naked"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "slang",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "stark naked"
}

Download raw JSONL data for stark naked meaning in English (7.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.