"spiritus asper" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "spīritus asper",
        "lit": "rough breath"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin spīritus asper (literally “rough breath”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin spīritus asper (literally “rough breath”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spiritus aspers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nolinkhead": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritus asper (plural spiritus aspers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Orthography",
          "orig": "en:Orthography",
          "parents": [
            "Writing",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The spiritus asper mark looks like an opening single quote, as in the word εὑρίσκω (heurískõ), the word εὕρηκα (heúrēka), or the word ἕξις (héxis, \"habit\")."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1836 May, “System of Orthography for Chinese words”, in The Chinese Repository, volume V, number I, page 27",
          "text": "h, as an aspirate, is very frequent in Chinese ; it is generally a stronger aspirate than in English : in the dialects of the south it is often changed into f, in the north into s, or sh. To mark an aspirate after a consonant, we use the Greek spiritus asper in preference to h.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A diacritic mark ( ʻ ) in Ancient Greek used to indicate aspiration of an initial vowel or rho; also used for a similar sound in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese."
      ],
      "id": "en-spiritus_asper-en-noun-jnGpLfy6",
      "links": [
        [
          "orthography",
          "orthography"
        ],
        [
          "diacritic",
          "diacritic"
        ],
        [
          "ʻ",
          "ʻ"
        ],
        [
          "Ancient Greek",
          "Ancient Greek"
        ],
        [
          "aspiration",
          "aspiration"
        ],
        [
          "vowel",
          "vowel"
        ],
        [
          "rho",
          "rho"
        ],
        [
          "Wade–Giles",
          "Wade–Giles"
        ],
        [
          "Mandarin Chinese",
          "Mandarin Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(orthography) A diacritic mark ( ʻ ) in Ancient Greek used to indicate aspiration of an initial vowel or rho; also used for a similar sound in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "alt": "examples from the Wade–Giles romanization system",
          "word": "Citations:ʻ"
        },
        {
          "word": "spiritus lenis"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rough breathing"
        },
        {
          "word": "dasia"
        },
        {
          "word": "dasy pneuma"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "communications",
        "journalism",
        "literature",
        "media",
        "orthography",
        "publishing",
        "writing"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "en:spiritus asper"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "spiritus asper"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "spīritus asper",
        "lit": "rough breath"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin spīritus asper (literally “rough breath”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin spīritus asper (literally “rough breath”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spiritus aspers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "nolinkhead": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "spiritus asper (plural spiritus aspers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "alt": "examples from the Wade–Giles romanization system",
      "word": "Citations:ʻ"
    },
    {
      "word": "spiritus lenis"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Orthography"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The spiritus asper mark looks like an opening single quote, as in the word εὑρίσκω (heurískõ), the word εὕρηκα (heúrēka), or the word ἕξις (héxis, \"habit\")."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1836 May, “System of Orthography for Chinese words”, in The Chinese Repository, volume V, number I, page 27",
          "text": "h, as an aspirate, is very frequent in Chinese ; it is generally a stronger aspirate than in English : in the dialects of the south it is often changed into f, in the north into s, or sh. To mark an aspirate after a consonant, we use the Greek spiritus asper in preference to h.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A diacritic mark ( ʻ ) in Ancient Greek used to indicate aspiration of an initial vowel or rho; also used for a similar sound in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orthography",
          "orthography"
        ],
        [
          "diacritic",
          "diacritic"
        ],
        [
          "ʻ",
          "ʻ"
        ],
        [
          "Ancient Greek",
          "Ancient Greek"
        ],
        [
          "aspiration",
          "aspiration"
        ],
        [
          "vowel",
          "vowel"
        ],
        [
          "rho",
          "rho"
        ],
        [
          "Wade–Giles",
          "Wade–Giles"
        ],
        [
          "Mandarin Chinese",
          "Mandarin Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(orthography) A diacritic mark ( ʻ ) in Ancient Greek used to indicate aspiration of an initial vowel or rho; also used for a similar sound in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "communications",
        "journalism",
        "literature",
        "media",
        "orthography",
        "publishing",
        "writing"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "en:spiritus asper"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rough breathing"
    },
    {
      "word": "dasia"
    },
    {
      "word": "dasy pneuma"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spiritus asper"
}