"sluggishness" meaning in English

See sluggishness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav [Southern-England] Forms: sluggishnesses [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree English sluggish Proto-Germanic *-inōną Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- Proto-Germanic *-atjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *-assuz Proto-Germanic *-inassuz Proto-West Germanic *-nassī Old English -nes Middle English -nesse English -ness English sluggishness From sluggish + -ness. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|sluggish|-ness|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English sluggish Proto-Germanic *-inōną Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- Proto-Germanic *-atjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *-assuz Proto-Germanic *-inassuz Proto-West Germanic *-nassī Old English -nes Middle English -nesse English -ness English sluggishness [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-atjaną", "lang" : "gem-pro" }, { "id" : "nominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "action noun", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tus", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-þuz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-assuz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-inassuz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*-nassī", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "-nes", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-nesse", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ness", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "sluggishness", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="sluggishness"> From sluggish + -ness. Head templates: {{en-noun|-|+}} sluggishness (usually uncountable, plural sluggishnesses)
  1. The property of being sluggish, unable or unwilling to act quickly. Tags: uncountable, usually Translations (the property of being sluggish): νωθρεία (nōthreía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), traag (Dutch), sloom (Dutch), hitaus (Finnish), hidasliikkeisyys (Finnish), Trägheit [feminine] (German), torpēdō [feminine] (Latin), تنبللك (tembellik) (Ottoman Turkish), هایلازلق (haylazlık) (Ottoman Turkish), كسل (kesel) (Ottoman Turkish), تنبلی (tambali) [singular] (Persian), bezwładność [feminine] (Polish), pachorra (Spanish), kupad (Tagalog), సోమరితనము (sōmaritanamu) (Telugu), uyuşukluk (Turkish), uyuşuntu (Turkish), miskinlik (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-sluggishness-en-noun-ivsdfvLb Categories (other): English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 52 48 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 52 48 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 55 45 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of 'the property of being sluggish': 100 0
  2. The state of economic decline, inactivity, slow or subnormal growth. Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-sluggishness-en-noun-6J1B-xuc Categories (other): English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ness, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Telugu translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 52 48 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 52 48 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 55 45 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ness: 39 61 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 15 85 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 28 72 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 28 72 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 13 87 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 18 82 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 16 84 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 29 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 24 76 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 15 85 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Telugu translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 20 80

Inflected forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “property of being sluggish”",
      "word": "nimbleness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "sluggish",
        "4": "-ness",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish sluggish\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish sluggishness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sluggishness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sluggishness\">\nFrom sluggish + -ness.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish sluggish\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish sluggishness\nFrom sluggish + -ness.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sluggishnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "sluggishness (usually uncountable, plural sluggishnesses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The property of being sluggish, unable or unwilling to act quickly."
      ],
      "id": "en-sluggishness-en-noun-ivsdfvLb",
      "links": [
        [
          "sluggish",
          "sluggish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "traag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "sloom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "hitaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "hidasliikkeisyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Trägheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "lang_code": "grc",
          "roman": "nōthreía",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "νωθρεία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "torpēdō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "lang_code": "fa",
          "roman": "tambali",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "tags": [
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "تنبلی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bezwładność"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "pachorra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "lang_code": "tl",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "kupad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "lang_code": "te",
          "roman": "sōmaritanamu",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "సోమరితనము"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "uyuşukluk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "uyuşuntu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "miskinlik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "tembellik",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "تنبللك"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "haylazlık",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "هایلازلق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "kesel",
          "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
          "word": "كسل"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Persian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              181,
              193
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2012, Javier Solana, Project Syndicate, Whose Sovereignty?:",
          "text": "And we see such interdependence even more clearly in their economic performance: China’s annual GDP growth rate, for example, will slow by two percentage points this year, owing to sluggishness in the United States and the EU.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state of economic decline, inactivity, slow or subnormal growth."
      ],
      "id": "en-sluggishness-en-noun-6J1B-xuc",
      "links": [
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ],
        [
          "inactivity",
          "inactivity"
        ],
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ],
        [
          "subnormal",
          "subnormal"
        ],
        [
          "growth",
          "growth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sluggishness"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “property of being sluggish”",
      "word": "nimbleness"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ness",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "sluggish",
        "4": "-ness",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish sluggish\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish sluggishness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sluggishness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sluggishness\">\nFrom sluggish + -ness.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish sluggish\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish sluggishness\nFrom sluggish + -ness.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sluggishnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "sluggishness (usually uncountable, plural sluggishnesses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The property of being sluggish, unable or unwilling to act quickly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sluggish",
          "sluggish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              181,
              193
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2012, Javier Solana, Project Syndicate, Whose Sovereignty?:",
          "text": "And we see such interdependence even more clearly in their economic performance: China’s annual GDP growth rate, for example, will slow by two percentage points this year, owing to sluggishness in the United States and the EU.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state of economic decline, inactivity, slow or subnormal growth."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ],
        [
          "inactivity",
          "inactivity"
        ],
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ],
        [
          "subnormal",
          "subnormal"
        ],
        [
          "growth",
          "growth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sluggishness.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "traag"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "sloom"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "hitaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "hidasliikkeisyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Trägheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "lang_code": "grc",
      "roman": "nōthreía",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "νωθρεία"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "torpēdō"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "tambali",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "تنبلی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bezwładność"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "pachorra"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "kupad"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "lang_code": "te",
      "roman": "sōmaritanamu",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "సోమరితనము"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "uyuşukluk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "uyuşuntu"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "miskinlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "tembellik",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "تنبللك"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "haylazlık",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "هایلازلق"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "kesel",
      "sense": "the property of being sluggish",
      "word": "كسل"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sluggishness"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sluggishness meaning in English (7.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.