See sark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "baresark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sarkful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sarkless"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "serk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English serk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "serċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English serċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sarki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sarki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sarkiz",
"4": "",
"5": "shirt, armour, hauberk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swerg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swerg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ser-",
"4": "",
"5": "to arrange, tack, tie, unite"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sark"
},
"expansion": "Scots sark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "serk",
"3": "",
"4": "shirt"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian serk (“shirt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "særk",
"3": "",
"4": "gown, shirt"
},
"expansion": "Danish særk (“gown, shirt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "särk",
"3": "",
"4": "shirt, chemise"
},
"expansion": "Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "serkur",
"3": "",
"4": "nightshirt"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English serk, sark, serke, from Old English serċ, sierċ m; and serċe, sierċe f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”), from Proto-West Germanic *sarki, from Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”), from Proto-Indo-European *swerg-, *swerk- (“clothes worn outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”).\nCognate with Scots sark, serk (“shirt, shift”), North Frisian serk (“shirt”), Danish særk (“gown, shirt”), Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”), Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sark (plural sarks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "battle-sark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "berserk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sarkit"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 29 2 2 5 6 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 26 29 1 5 3 4 3 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
39
]
],
"text": "Near is the kirtle, but nearer the sark.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A garment worn against the torso, inclusive of shirts, tunics, undershirts, nightshirts, surplices."
],
"id": "en-sark-en-noun-7~11uuSk",
"links": [
[
"garment",
"garment"
],
[
"worn",
"worn"
],
[
"torso",
"torso"
],
[
"inclusive",
"inclusive"
],
[
"shirt",
"shirt"
],
[
"tunic",
"tunic"
],
[
"undershirt",
"undershirt"
],
[
"nightshirt",
"nightshirt"
],
[
"surplice",
"surplice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A garment worn against the torso, inclusive of shirts, tunics, undershirts, nightshirts, surplices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 29 2 2 5 6 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 26 29 1 5 3 4 3 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
131
]
],
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "The next thing the watchers saw was the laird struggling up the far bank and casting his coat from him, so that he rode in his sark.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "2007, Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials, Bluefire, →ISBN, page 259:",
"text": "Then lorek's rear claws dug into the links of Iofur's chain-mail sark and ripped downward. The whole front came away, and Iofur lurched sideways to look at the damage, leaving lorek to scramble upright again.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of shirt, whether worn against the skin or not."
],
"id": "en-sark-en-noun-CjGvkoFQ",
"links": [
[
"shirt",
"shirt#English"
],
[
"worn",
"worn#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland and Northern England) Synonym of shirt, whether worn against the skin or not."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "shirt"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "whether worn against the skin or not"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑːk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːk"
}
],
"word": "sark"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sarking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sarked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sarked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sark (third-person singular simple present sarks, present participle sarking, simple past and past participle sarked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 29 2 2 5 6 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 26 29 1 5 3 4 3 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
],
"id": "en-sark-en-verb-dy35sMar",
"links": [
[
"sarking",
"sarking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑːk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːk"
}
],
"word": "sark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk/1 syllable",
"en:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "baresark"
},
{
"word": "sarkful"
},
{
"word": "sarkless"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "serk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English serk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "serċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English serċ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sarki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sarki",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sarkiz",
"4": "",
"5": "shirt, armour, hauberk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swerg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swerg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ser-",
"4": "",
"5": "to arrange, tack, tie, unite"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sark"
},
"expansion": "Scots sark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "serk",
"3": "",
"4": "shirt"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian serk (“shirt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "særk",
"3": "",
"4": "gown, shirt"
},
"expansion": "Danish særk (“gown, shirt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "särk",
"3": "",
"4": "shirt, chemise"
},
"expansion": "Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "serkur",
"3": "",
"4": "nightshirt"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English serk, sark, serke, from Old English serċ, sierċ m; and serċe, sierċe f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”), from Proto-West Germanic *sarki, from Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”), from Proto-Indo-European *swerg-, *swerk- (“clothes worn outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”).\nCognate with Scots sark, serk (“shirt, shift”), North Frisian serk (“shirt”), Danish særk (“gown, shirt”), Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”), Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sark (plural sarks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "battle-sark"
},
{
"word": "berserk"
},
{
"word": "sarkit"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
39
]
],
"text": "Near is the kirtle, but nearer the sark.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A garment worn against the torso, inclusive of shirts, tunics, undershirts, nightshirts, surplices."
],
"links": [
[
"garment",
"garment"
],
[
"worn",
"worn"
],
[
"torso",
"torso"
],
[
"inclusive",
"inclusive"
],
[
"shirt",
"shirt"
],
[
"tunic",
"tunic"
],
[
"undershirt",
"undershirt"
],
[
"nightshirt",
"nightshirt"
],
[
"surplice",
"surplice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A garment worn against the torso, inclusive of shirts, tunics, undershirts, nightshirts, surplices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
131
]
],
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "The next thing the watchers saw was the laird struggling up the far bank and casting his coat from him, so that he rode in his sark.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "2007, Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials, Bluefire, →ISBN, page 259:",
"text": "Then lorek's rear claws dug into the links of Iofur's chain-mail sark and ripped downward. The whole front came away, and Iofur lurched sideways to look at the damage, leaving lorek to scramble upright again.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of shirt, whether worn against the skin or not."
],
"links": [
[
"shirt",
"shirt#English"
],
[
"worn",
"worn#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland and Northern England) Synonym of shirt, whether worn against the skin or not."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "shirt"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "whether worn against the skin or not"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑːk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːk"
}
],
"word": "sark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk/1 syllable",
"en:Clothing"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sarking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sarked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sarked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sark (third-person singular simple present sarks, present participle sarking, simple past and past participle sarked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
],
"links": [
[
"sarking",
"sarking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɑːk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːk"
}
],
"word": "sark"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sark meaning in English (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.