"sark" meaning in English

See sark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /sɑːk/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav [Southern-England] Forms: sarks [plural]
Rhymes: -ɑːk Etymology: From Middle English serk, sark, serke, from Old English serc, syrc m; and syrce, sirce, serce f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”), from Proto-West Germanic *sarki, from Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”), from Proto-Indo-European *swerg-, *swerk- (“clothes worn outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”). Cognate with Scots sark, serk (“shirt, shift”), North Frisian serk (“shirt”), Danish særk (“gown, shirt”), Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”), Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|serk}} Middle English serk, {{m|enm|sark}} sark, {{m|enm|serke}} serke, {{inh|en|ang|serc}} Old English serc, {{m|ang|syrc|g=m}} syrc m, {{m|ang|syrce}} syrce, {{m|ang|sirce}} sirce, {{m|ang|serce||sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail|g=f}} serce f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*sarki}} Proto-West Germanic *sarki, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*sarkiz||shirt, armour, hauberk}} Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*swerg-}} Proto-Indo-European *swerg-, {{m|ine-pro|*swerk-||clothes worn outside}} *swerk- (“clothes worn outside”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*ser-||to arrange, tack, tie, unite}} Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”), {{cog|sco|sark}} Scots sark, {{m|sco|serk||shirt, shift}} serk (“shirt, shift”), {{cog|frr|serk||shirt}} North Frisian serk (“shirt”), {{cog|da|særk||gown, shirt}} Danish særk (“gown, shirt”), {{cog|sv|särk||shirt, chemise}} Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”), {{cog|is|serkur||nightshirt}} Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} sark (plural sarks)
  1. (Scotland and Northern England) A shirt or smock. Tags: Northern-England, Scotland Categories (topical): Clothing Derived forms: sarkless Related terms: battle-sark, berserk, sarkit
    Sense id: en-sark-en-noun-o~xB6ds- Disambiguation of Clothing: 99 1 Categories (other): Northern England English, Scottish English, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 51 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /sɑːk/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav [Southern-England] Forms: sarks [present, singular, third-person], sarking [participle, present], sarked [participle, past], sarked [past]
Rhymes: -ɑːk Head templates: {{en-verb}} sark (third-person singular simple present sarks, present participle sarking, simple past and past participle sarked)
  1. (transitive) To cover with sarking, or thin boards. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-sark-en-verb-dy35sMar Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 51 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for sark meaning in English (6.7kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "serk"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English serk",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "sark"
      },
      "expansion": "sark",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "serke"
      },
      "expansion": "serke",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "serc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English serc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "syrc",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "syrc m",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "syrce"
      },
      "expansion": "syrce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sirce"
      },
      "expansion": "sirce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "serce",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "serce f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sarki"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sarki",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sarkiz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shirt, armour, hauberk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*swerk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clothes worn outside"
      },
      "expansion": "*swerk- (“clothes worn outside”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ser-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to arrange, tack, tie, unite"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "sark"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots sark",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "serk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shirt, shift"
      },
      "expansion": "serk (“shirt, shift”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "serk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shirt"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian serk (“shirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "særk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gown, shirt"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish særk (“gown, shirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "särk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shirt, chemise"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "serkur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "nightshirt"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English serk, sark, serke, from Old English serc, syrc m; and syrce, sirce, serce f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”), from Proto-West Germanic *sarki, from Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”), from Proto-Indo-European *swerg-, *swerk- (“clothes worn outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”).\nCognate with Scots sark, serk (“shirt, shift”), North Frisian serk (“shirt”), Danish særk (“gown, shirt”), Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”), Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sarks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sark (plural sarks)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern England English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "99 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Clothing",
          "orig": "en:Clothing",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "sarkless"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide",
          "text": "The next thing the watchers saw was the laird struggling up the far bank and casting his coat from him, so that he rode in his sark.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials, Bluefire, page 259",
          "text": "Then lorek's rear claws dug into the links of Iofur's chain-mail sark and ripped downward. The whole front came away, and Iofur lurched sideways to look at the damage, leaving lorek to scramble upright again.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shirt or smock."
      ],
      "id": "en-sark-en-noun-o~xB6ds-",
      "links": [
        [
          "shirt",
          "shirt"
        ],
        [
          "smock",
          "smock"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland and Northern England) A shirt or smock."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "battle-sark"
        },
        {
          "word": "berserk"
        },
        {
          "word": "sarkit"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɑːk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːk"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sark"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sarks",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sark (third-person singular simple present sarks, present participle sarking, simple past and past participle sarked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
      ],
      "id": "en-sark-en-verb-dy35sMar",
      "links": [
        [
          "sarking",
          "sarking"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɑːk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːk"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sark"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːk",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːk/1 syllable",
    "en:Clothing"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sarkless"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "serk"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English serk",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "sark"
      },
      "expansion": "sark",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "serke"
      },
      "expansion": "serke",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "serc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English serc",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "syrc",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "syrc m",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "syrce"
      },
      "expansion": "syrce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sirce"
      },
      "expansion": "sirce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "serce",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "serce f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sarki"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sarki",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sarkiz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "shirt, armour, hauberk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swerg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swerg-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*swerk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clothes worn outside"
      },
      "expansion": "*swerk- (“clothes worn outside”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ser-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to arrange, tack, tie, unite"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "sark"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots sark",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "serk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shirt, shift"
      },
      "expansion": "serk (“shirt, shift”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "serk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shirt"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian serk (“shirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "særk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gown, shirt"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish særk (“gown, shirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "särk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shirt, chemise"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "serkur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "nightshirt"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English serk, sark, serke, from Old English serc, syrc m; and syrce, sirce, serce f (“sark, shirt, shift, smock, tunic, corselet, coat of mail”), from Proto-West Germanic *sarki, from Proto-Germanic *sarkiz (“shirt, armour, hauberk”), from Proto-Indo-European *swerg-, *swerk- (“clothes worn outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to arrange, tack, tie, unite”).\nCognate with Scots sark, serk (“shirt, shift”), North Frisian serk (“shirt”), Danish særk (“gown, shirt”), Swedish särk (“shirt, chemise”), Icelandic serkur (“nightshirt”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sarks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sark (plural sarks)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "battle-sark"
    },
    {
      "word": "berserk"
    },
    {
      "word": "sarkit"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Northern England English",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Scottish English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide",
          "text": "The next thing the watchers saw was the laird struggling up the far bank and casting his coat from him, so that he rode in his sark.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Philip Pullman, His Dark Materials, Bluefire, page 259",
          "text": "Then lorek's rear claws dug into the links of Iofur's chain-mail sark and ripped downward. The whole front came away, and Iofur lurched sideways to look at the damage, leaving lorek to scramble upright again.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shirt or smock."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shirt",
          "shirt"
        ],
        [
          "smock",
          "smock"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland and Northern England) A shirt or smock."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɑːk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːk"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sark"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːk",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːk/1 syllable",
    "en:Clothing"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sarks",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sarked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sark (third-person singular simple present sarks, present participle sarking, simple past and past participle sarked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sarking",
          "sarking"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cover with sarking, or thin boards."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɑːk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːk"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sark.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sark"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.