See saraf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ur",
"3": "صراف",
"tr": "sarrāf"
},
"expansion": "Urdu صراف (sarrāf)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "صراف",
"tr": "sarrāf"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian صراف (sarrāf)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "صَرَّاف"
},
"expansion": "Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ص ر ف"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Urdu صراف (sarrāf) and Classical Persian صراف (sarrāf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarafs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "saraf (plural sarafs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shroff"
},
{
"word": "Saraf"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1598, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, translated by William Phillip, Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies, Bk. i, Ch. xxxiii, p. 66:",
"text": "There is in euery place of the street exchangers of mony, by them called Xaraffos, which are all christian Iewes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1811, Carsten Niebuhr, “Travels in Arabia”, in John Pinkerton, transl., A General Collection of Voyages and Travels..., volume X, page 71:",
"text": "He sent us to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1877, James Carlile McCoan, Egypt As It Is, page 115:",
"text": "The mâmour... till the recent reform appointing a Controller-General of Receipts, received the taxes from the saraffs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897 July, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 24:",
"text": "They [Armenians] prospered as our ‘Sarrafs’.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A provider of financial services in the Middle East and in South Asia, especially (historical) during the early modern and colonial period."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "banker"
},
{
"word": "moneychanger"
},
{
"word": "cashier"
},
{
"word": "usurer"
}
],
"id": "en-saraf-en-noun-YxRFj7Mt",
"links": [
[
"provider",
"provider"
],
[
"financial",
"financial"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East"
],
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"early modern",
"early modern"
],
[
"colonial",
"colonial"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaraffe"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaraffo"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "charaff"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaraf"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaroff"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xeraffo"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sarraf"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "saraff"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "serof"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "seraff"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saˈɹɑːf/"
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "shroff"
},
{
"word": "Saraf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ur",
"3": "صراف",
"tr": "sarrāf"
},
"expansion": "Urdu صراف (sarrāf)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "صراف",
"tr": "sarrāf"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian صراف (sarrāf)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "صَرَّاف"
},
"expansion": "Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ص ر ف"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Urdu صراف (sarrāf) and Classical Persian صراف (sarrāf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sarafs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "saraf (plural sarafs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "banker"
},
{
"word": "moneychanger"
},
{
"word": "cashier"
},
{
"word": "usurer"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Urdu",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ص ر ف",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1598, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, translated by William Phillip, Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies, Bk. i, Ch. xxxiii, p. 66:",
"text": "There is in euery place of the street exchangers of mony, by them called Xaraffos, which are all christian Iewes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1811, Carsten Niebuhr, “Travels in Arabia”, in John Pinkerton, transl., A General Collection of Voyages and Travels..., volume X, page 71:",
"text": "He sent us to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1877, James Carlile McCoan, Egypt As It Is, page 115:",
"text": "The mâmour... till the recent reform appointing a Controller-General of Receipts, received the taxes from the saraffs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897 July, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 24:",
"text": "They [Armenians] prospered as our ‘Sarrafs’.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A provider of financial services in the Middle East and in South Asia, especially (historical) during the early modern and colonial period."
],
"links": [
[
"provider",
"provider"
],
[
"financial",
"financial"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"Middle East",
"Middle East"
],
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"early modern",
"early modern"
],
[
"colonial",
"colonial"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saˈɹɑːf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaraffe"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaraffo"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "charaff"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaraf"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xaroff"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "xeraffo"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sarraf"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "saraff"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "serof"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "seraff"
}
],
"word": "saraf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for saraf meaning in English (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.