See retroflex in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rētrōflexus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rētrōflexus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more retroflex",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most retroflex",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retroflex (comparative more retroflex, superlative most retroflex)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "retroflex hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "retroflexed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "retroflexion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 6 17 13 7 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 5 5 16 15 6 6 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 6 6 14 16 7 7 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 2 2 20 15 3 3 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 7 7 14 15 6 6 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 6 6 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 3 3 14 19 5 5 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 4 4 15 19 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 5 5 13 18 6 6 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 6 6 13 18 6 6 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 13 17 5 5 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bent or curved backwards."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-adj-MQsZKxes",
"links": [
[
"Bent",
"bent"
],
[
"curved",
"curved"
],
[
"backwards",
"backwards"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 6 17 13 7 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 8 8 11 14 9 9 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with retro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 5 5 16 15 6 6 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 6 6 14 16 7 7 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 2 2 20 15 3 3 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 7 7 14 15 6 6 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 6 6 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 3 3 14 19 5 5 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 4 4 15 19 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 5 5 13 18 6 6 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 6 6 13 18 6 6 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 13 17 5 5 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-adj-QbcWlhME",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"raised",
"raised"
],
[
"underside",
"underside"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 35 24 24 12",
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue underside",
"word": "subapical palatal"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapiko-palatal"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "sub-apikal prepalatal"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "sub-apikal palatal"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalno-prepalatalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalny prepalatalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalno-palatalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 37 29 29 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalny palatalny"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-adj-wZ14f8TJ",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"alveolar ridge",
"alveolar ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-adj-bmGMHhHG",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 6 17 13 7 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 8 8 11 14 9 9 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with retro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 5 5 16 15 6 6 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 6 6 14 16 7 7 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 2 2 20 15 3 3 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 7 7 14 15 6 6 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 6 6 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 3 3 14 19 5 5 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 4 4 15 19 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 5 5 13 18 6 6 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 6 6 13 18 6 6 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 13 17 5 5 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of any of the aforementioned pronunciations."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-adj-J9KibVM7",
"qualifier": "general sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, general sense) Of any of the aforementioned pronunciations."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retrofleksinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "rétroflexe"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anástrofo",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "ανάστροφο"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "aislúbtha"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "cooyl-chroymmit"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retrofleks"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "z retrofleksją"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retrofleksyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflexo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "ṭavrag",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਟਵਰਗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "ṭauarg",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ٹَوَرْگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "retrofléksnyj",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "ретрофле́ксный"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 8 8 65",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "olblyg"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-retroflex.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg/En-us-retroflex.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "47 50 1 1 2",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "reflexed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 31 32 27 9",
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue tip",
"word": "apical postalveolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 28 29 34 10",
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue blade",
"word": "laminal postalveolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 28 29 34 10",
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue blade",
"word": "flat postalveolar"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "47 50 1 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "murtadd",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "مُرْتَدّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 50 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvit nazad",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "извит назад"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 50 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "taaksepäin taipunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 50 1 1 2",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "cooyl-chroymmit"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 50 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "retroflexo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 21 38 37 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apiko-postalveolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 21 38 37 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikal postalveolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 21 38 37 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikalny zadziąsłowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 21 38 37 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikalny postalweolarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 21 38 37 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikalno-postalweolarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 20 38 39 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "lamino-postalveolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 20 38 39 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "laminal postalveolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 20 38 39 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "laminalny zadziąsłowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 20 38 39 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "laminalny postalweolarny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 20 38 39 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "lamino-postalweolarny"
}
],
"word": "retroflex"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rētrōflexus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rētrōflexus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retroflexes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retroflex (plural retroflexes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 6 17 13 7 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 8 8 11 14 9 9 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with retro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 5 5 16 15 6 6 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 6 6 14 16 7 7 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 17 3 3 15 22 4 4 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 2 2 20 15 3 3 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 7 7 14 15 6 6 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 6 6 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 3 3 14 19 5 5 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 4 4 15 19 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 5 5 13 18 6 6 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 6 6 13 18 6 6 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 13 17 5 5 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-noun-ni9px6ax",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "38 27 27 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalno-prepalatalna"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 27 27 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalna prepalatalna"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 27 27 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalno-palatalna"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 27 27 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalna palatalna"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-noun-ovHL6wIB",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-noun-lWI3RFtg",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 6 17 13 7 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 8 8 11 14 9 9 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with retro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 5 5 16 15 6 6 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 6 6 14 16 7 7 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 3 3 16 13 3 3 26 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 2 2 20 15 3 3 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 7 7 14 15 6 6 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 6 6 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 3 3 14 19 5 5 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 4 4 15 19 4 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 5 5 13 18 6 6 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 6 6 13 18 6 6 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 14 18 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 6 6 13 17 5 5 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 16 5 5 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 3 3 16 19 3 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 6 6 14 17 5 5 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 3 3 15 18 4 4 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the aforementioned consonants."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-noun-BnkjoP~a",
"qualifier": "general sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, general sense) Any of the aforementioned consonants."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "juǎnshéyīn",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "卷舌音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "翹舌音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiàoshéyīn",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "翘舌音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "舌尖後音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shéjiānhòuyīn",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "舌尖后音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "retrofleksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Retroflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"alt": "そりじたおん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sorijitaon",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "そり舌音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"alt": "そりじたおん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sorijitaon",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "反り舌音"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska z retrofleksją"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska retrofleksyjna"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "retroflexa"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 12 12 59",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "retrofléksnyj soglásnyj",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ретрофле́ксный согла́сный"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-retroflex.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg/En-us-retroflex.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 37 36 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska apikalna zadziąsłowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 37 36 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska apikalna postalweolarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 37 36 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska apikalno-postalweolarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 36 37 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska laminalna zadziąsłowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 36 37 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska laminalna postalweolarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 36 37 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska lamino-postalweolarna"
}
],
"word": "retroflex"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rētrōflexus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rētrōflexus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retroflexes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retroflexing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retroflexed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retroflexed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retroflex (third-person singular simple present retroflexes, present participle retroflexing, simple past and past participle retroflexed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Stephen Nicholls, Stephen Worthley, Cardiovascular Imaging for Clinical Practice, page 123:",
"text": "[…] retroflexing the endoscope tip and mechanically rotating the transducer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bend or curve backwards."
],
"id": "en-retroflex-en-verb-WlPsIBz4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To bend or curve backwards."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-retroflex.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg/En-us-retroflex.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg"
}
],
"word": "retroflex"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms prefixed with retro-",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rētrōflexus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rētrōflexus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more retroflex",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most retroflex",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retroflex (comparative more retroflex, superlative most retroflex)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "retroflex hook"
},
{
"word": "retroflexed"
},
{
"word": "retroflexion"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Bent or curved backwards."
],
"links": [
[
"Bent",
"bent"
],
[
"curved",
"curved"
],
[
"backwards",
"backwards"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"raised",
"raised"
],
[
"underside",
"underside"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"alveolar ridge",
"alveolar ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of any of the aforementioned pronunciations."
],
"qualifier": "general sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, general sense) Of any of the aforementioned pronunciations."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-retroflex.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg/En-us-retroflex.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "reflexed"
},
{
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue underside",
"word": "subapical palatal"
},
{
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue tip",
"word": "apical postalveolar"
},
{
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue blade",
"word": "laminal postalveolar"
},
{
"sense": "of pronunciation with the tongue blade",
"word": "flat postalveolar"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "murtadd",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "مُرْتَدّ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvit nazad",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "извит назад"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "taaksepäin taipunut"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "cooyl-chroymmit"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bent backwards",
"word": "retroflexo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapiko-palatal"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "sub-apikal prepalatal"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "sub-apikal palatal"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalno-prepalatalny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalny prepalatalny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalno-palatalny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate",
"word": "subapikalny palatalny"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apiko-postalveolar"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikal postalveolar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikalny zadziąsłowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikalny postalweolarny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "apikalno-postalweolarny"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "lamino-postalveolar"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "laminal postalveolar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "laminalny zadziąsłowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "laminalny postalweolarny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge",
"word": "lamino-postalweolarny"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retrofleksinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "rétroflexe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anástrofo",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "ανάστροφο"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "aislúbtha"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "cooyl-chroymmit"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retrofleks"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "z retrofleksją"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retrofleksyjny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflexo"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "ṭavrag",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ਟਵਰਗ"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "ṭauarg",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ٹَوَرْگ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "retrofléksnyj",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "ретрофле́ксный"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "of any of the retroflex pronunciations",
"word": "olblyg"
}
],
"word": "retroflex"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms prefixed with retro-",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rētrōflexus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rētrōflexus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retroflexes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retroflex (plural retroflexes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of the aforementioned consonants."
],
"qualifier": "general sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, general sense) Any of the aforementioned consonants."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-retroflex.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg/En-us-retroflex.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalno-prepalatalna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalna prepalatalna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalno-palatalna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska subapikalna palatalna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska apikalna zadziąsłowa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska apikalna postalweolarna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska apikalno-postalweolarna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska laminalna zadziąsłowa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska laminalna postalweolarna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska lamino-postalweolarna"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "juǎnshéyīn",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "卷舌音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "翹舌音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiàoshéyīn",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "翘舌音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "舌尖後音"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shéjiānhòuyīn",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "舌尖后音"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "retroflex"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "retrofleksi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Retroflex"
},
{
"alt": "そりじたおん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sorijitaon",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "そり舌音"
},
{
"alt": "そりじたおん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sorijitaon",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"word": "反り舌音"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska z retrofleksją"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spółgłoska retrofleksyjna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "retroflexa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "retrofléksnyj soglásnyj",
"sense": "any of the retroflex consonants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ретрофле́ксный согла́сный"
}
],
"word": "retroflex"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms prefixed with retro-",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rētrōflexus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rētrōflexus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "retroflexes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "retroflexing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "retroflexed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "retroflexed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "retroflex (third-person singular simple present retroflexes, present participle retroflexing, simple past and past participle retroflexed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Stephen Nicholls, Stephen Worthley, Cardiovascular Imaging for Clinical Practice, page 123:",
"text": "[…] retroflexing the endoscope tip and mechanically rotating the transducer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bend or curve backwards."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To bend or curve backwards."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-retroflex.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg/En-us-retroflex.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-retroflex.ogg"
}
],
"word": "retroflex"
}
Download raw JSONL data for retroflex meaning in English (19.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.