"retarder" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vapor retarder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "retard",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "retard + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From retard + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "retarders",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "retarder (plural retarders)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "accelerant"
        },
        {
          "word": "promoter"
        },
        {
          "word": "quickener"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The substance acted as a retarder to the chemical reaction because it radically changed the pH.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Dale Crane, Fast-Track Test Guides for Aviation Maintenance: Airframe, page 147:",
          "text": "Why is retarder used in dope when the dope is being sprayed in humid conditions? The retarder slows the drying of the dope and keeps it from blushing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something which retards or slows."
      ],
      "id": "en-retarder-en-noun-P~VNxBhw",
      "links": [
        [
          "retard",
          "retard"
        ],
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bottleneck"
        },
        {
          "word": "inhibitor"
        },
        {
          "word": "retardant"
        },
        {
          "word": "limiter"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Engineering",
          "orig": "en:Engineering",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 76 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 68 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 63 10 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 73 7 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1961 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The \"Rheingold\" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:",
          "text": "[...] unlike the latest British yards, Gremberg has only primary retarders, manually operated, a method that the hump operators apparently prefer to electro-pneumatic control because they can grade the braking pressure more accurately by feel.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons."
      ],
      "id": "en-retarder-en-noun-en:Q1779780",
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "truck",
          "truck"
        ],
        [
          "lorries",
          "lorry"
        ],
        [
          "bus",
          "bus"
        ],
        [
          "railway",
          "railway"
        ],
        [
          "wagon",
          "wagon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mechanical engineering) A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:Q1779780"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "mechanical",
        "mechanical-engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q1779780"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Baking",
          "orig": "en:Baking",
          "parents": [
            "Cooking",
            "Food and drink",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough."
      ],
      "id": "en-retarder-en-noun-iXgL93mv",
      "links": [
        [
          "baking",
          "baking#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "refrigerator",
          "refrigerator"
        ],
        [
          "proofing",
          "proofing"
        ],
        [
          "yeast",
          "yeast"
        ],
        [
          "dough",
          "dough"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(baking) A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "baking",
        "cooking",
        "food",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "retarder"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -er",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "vapor retarder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "retard",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "retard + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From retard + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "retarders",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "retarder (plural retarders)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "accelerant"
        },
        {
          "word": "promoter"
        },
        {
          "word": "quickener"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The substance acted as a retarder to the chemical reaction because it radically changed the pH.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Dale Crane, Fast-Track Test Guides for Aviation Maintenance: Airframe, page 147:",
          "text": "Why is retarder used in dope when the dope is being sprayed in humid conditions? The retarder slows the drying of the dope and keeps it from blushing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something which retards or slows."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "retard",
          "retard"
        ],
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bottleneck"
        },
        {
          "word": "inhibitor"
        },
        {
          "word": "retardant"
        },
        {
          "word": "limiter"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Engineering"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1961 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The \"Rheingold\" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:",
          "text": "[...] unlike the latest British yards, Gremberg has only primary retarders, manually operated, a method that the hump operators apparently prefer to electro-pneumatic control because they can grade the braking pressure more accurately by feel.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "truck",
          "truck"
        ],
        [
          "lorries",
          "lorry"
        ],
        [
          "bus",
          "bus"
        ],
        [
          "railway",
          "railway"
        ],
        [
          "wagon",
          "wagon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mechanical engineering) A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:Q1779780"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "mechanical",
        "mechanical-engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q1779780"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Baking"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "baking",
          "baking#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "refrigerator",
          "refrigerator"
        ],
        [
          "proofing",
          "proofing"
        ],
        [
          "yeast",
          "yeast"
        ],
        [
          "dough",
          "dough"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(baking) A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "baking",
        "cooking",
        "food",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "retarder"
}