"proven" meaning in English

See proven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈpɹuːvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹəʊvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹoːvən/ [Scotland], /ˈpɹuvən/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav [US] Forms: more proven [comparative], most proven [superlative]
enPR: pro͞oʹvən, prōʹvən Rhymes: -uːvən, -əʊvən Etymology: From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns. Earlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Morphologically prove + -n. Etymology templates: {{m|en|preve}} preve, {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{m|en|prove}} prove, {{m|en|woven}} woven, {{m|en|weave}} weave, {{m|en|cloven}} cloven, {{m|en|cleave}} cleave, {{m|en||Preve}} Preve, {{der|en|LL.|probō||test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove|pos=verb}} Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), {{der|en|la|probus||good, worthy, excellent}} Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*pro-bʰuH-s||being in front, prominent}} Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), {{m|ine-pro|*pro-}} *pro-, {{m|ine-pro|*per-||toward}} *per- (“toward”), {{m|ine-pro|*bʰuH-||to be}} *bʰuH- (“to be”), {{suffix|en|prove|n}} prove + -n Head templates: {{en-adj}} proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)
  1. Having been proved; having proved its value or truth. Derived forms: not proven Translations (having been proved): প্রমাণিত (promanito) (Bengali), todennettu (Finnish), todistettu (Finnish), prouvé (French), dearfa (Irish), provato (Italian), dimostrato (Italian), comprovato (Italian), dowiedziony (Polish), udowodniony (Polish), provado [masculine] (Portuguese), дока́занный (dokázannyj) (Russian), испы́танный (ispýtannyj) (Russian), подтверждённый (podtverždjónnyj) (Russian), probado [masculine] (Spanish), demostrado (Spanish), comprobado (Spanish), diyama (Tagalog), доведений (dovedenyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-proven-en-adj-7NYtl1wr

Verb

IPA: /ˈpɹuːvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹəʊvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹoːvən/ [Scotland], /ˈpɹuvən/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav [US]
enPR: pro͞oʹvən, prōʹvən Rhymes: -uːvən, -əʊvən Etymology: From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns. Earlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Morphologically prove + -n. Etymology templates: {{m|en|preve}} preve, {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{m|en|prove}} prove, {{m|en|woven}} woven, {{m|en|weave}} weave, {{m|en|cloven}} cloven, {{m|en|cleave}} cleave, {{m|en||Preve}} Preve, {{der|en|LL.|probō||test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove|pos=verb}} Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), {{der|en|la|probus||good, worthy, excellent}} Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*pro-bʰuH-s||being in front, prominent}} Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), {{m|ine-pro|*pro-}} *pro-, {{m|ine-pro|*per-||toward}} *per- (“toward”), {{m|ine-pro|*bʰuH-||to be}} *bʰuH- (“to be”), {{suffix|en|prove|n}} prove + -n Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} proven
  1. (proscribed) past participle of prove Tags: form-of, participle, past, proscribed Form of: prove
    Sense id: en-proven-en-verb-8BC2NXXI Categories (other): English adjectives ending in -en, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -n Disambiguation of English adjectives ending in -en: 30 70 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 28 72 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 26 74 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -n: 22 78

Download JSON data for proven meaning in English (10.7kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "unproven"
    },
    {
      "word": "disproven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "preve"
      },
      "expansion": "preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove"
      },
      "expansion": "prove",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "woven"
      },
      "expansion": "woven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "weave"
      },
      "expansion": "weave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cloven"
      },
      "expansion": "cloven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Preve"
      },
      "expansion": "Preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pro-"
      },
      "expansion": "*pro-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*per-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "toward"
      },
      "expansion": "*per- (“toward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰuH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰuH- (“to be”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more proven",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most proven",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "not proven"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is."
        },
        {
          "text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
      ],
      "id": "en-proven-en-adj-7NYtl1wr",
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "promanito",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "প্রমাণিত"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "todennettu"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "todistettu"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "prouvé"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "dearfa"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "provato"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "dimostrato"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "comprovato"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "dowiedziony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "udowodniony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "provado"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dokázannyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "дока́занный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ispýtannyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "испы́танный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "подтверждённый"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "probado"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "demostrado"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "comprobado"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "diyama"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dovedenyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "доведений"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "preve"
      },
      "expansion": "preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove"
      },
      "expansion": "prove",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "woven"
      },
      "expansion": "woven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "weave"
      },
      "expansion": "weave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cloven"
      },
      "expansion": "cloven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Preve"
      },
      "expansion": "Preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pro-"
      },
      "expansion": "*pro-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*per-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "toward"
      },
      "expansion": "*per- (“toward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰuH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰuH- (“to be”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "proven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -n",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "prove"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of prove"
      ],
      "id": "en-proven-en-verb-8BC2NXXI",
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) past participle of prove"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "unproven"
    },
    {
      "word": "disproven"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adjectives ending in -en",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -n",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verb forms",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Greek translations",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "not proven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "preve"
      },
      "expansion": "preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove"
      },
      "expansion": "prove",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "woven"
      },
      "expansion": "woven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "weave"
      },
      "expansion": "weave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cloven"
      },
      "expansion": "cloven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Preve"
      },
      "expansion": "Preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pro-"
      },
      "expansion": "*pro-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*per-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "toward"
      },
      "expansion": "*per- (“toward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰuH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰuH- (“to be”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more proven",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most proven",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is."
        },
        {
          "text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "promanito",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "প্রমাণিত"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "todennettu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "todistettu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "prouvé"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "dearfa"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "provato"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "dimostrato"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "comprovato"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "dowiedziony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "udowodniony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "provado"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dokázannyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "дока́занный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ispýtannyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "испы́танный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "подтверждённый"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "probado"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "demostrado"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "comprobado"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "diyama"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dovedenyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "доведений"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English adjectives ending in -en",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -n",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verb forms",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Greek translations",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "preve"
      },
      "expansion": "preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove"
      },
      "expansion": "prove",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "woven"
      },
      "expansion": "woven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "weave"
      },
      "expansion": "weave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cloven"
      },
      "expansion": "cloven",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Preve"
      },
      "expansion": "Preve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pro-"
      },
      "expansion": "*pro-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*per-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "toward"
      },
      "expansion": "*per- (“toward”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰuH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰuH- (“to be”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "proven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English proscribed terms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "prove"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of prove"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) past participle of prove"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.