"proven" meaning in English

See proven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈpɹuːvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹəʊvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹoːvən/ [Scotland], /ˈpɹuvən/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav Forms: more proven [comparative], most proven [superlative]
enPR: pro͞oʹvən [UK], prōʹvən [UK], prōʹvən [Scotland], pro͞oʹvən [US] Rhymes: -uːvən, -əʊvən Etymology: From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns. Earlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Morphologically prove + -n. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|LL.|probō||test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove|pos=verb}} Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), {{der|en|la|probus||good, worthy, excellent}} Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*pro-bʰuH-s||being in front, prominent}} Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), {{suffix|en|prove|n<id:past participle>}} prove + -n Head templates: {{en-adj}} proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)
  1. Having been proved; having proved its value or truth. Derived forms: not proven Translations (having been proved): প্রমাণিত (promanito) (Bengali), todennettu (Finnish), todistettu (Finnish), prouvé (French), dearfa (Irish), provato (Italian), dimostrato (Italian), comprovato (Italian), dowiedziony (Polish), udowodniony (Polish), provado [masculine] (Portuguese), дока́занный (dokázannyj) (Russian), испы́танный (ispýtannyj) (Russian), подтверждённый (podtverždjónnyj) (Russian), probado [masculine] (Spanish), demostrado (Spanish), comprobado (Spanish), diyama (Tagalog), доведений (dovedenyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-proven-en-adj-7NYtl1wr Categories (other): English adjectives ending in -en, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English adjectives ending in -en: 76 24 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 86 14 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 76 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 83 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 89 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 69 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 77 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 83 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 83 17

Verb

IPA: /ˈpɹuːvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹəʊvən/ [UK], /ˈpɹoːvən/ [Scotland], /ˈpɹuvən/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav
enPR: pro͞oʹvən [UK], prōʹvən [UK], prōʹvən [Scotland], pro͞oʹvən [US] Rhymes: -uːvən, -əʊvən Etymology: From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns. Earlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Morphologically prove + -n. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|LL.|probō||test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove|pos=verb}} Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), {{der|en|la|probus||good, worthy, excellent}} Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*pro-bʰuH-s||being in front, prominent}} Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), {{suffix|en|prove|n<id:past participle>}} prove + -n Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} proven
  1. (proscribed) past participle of prove Tags: form-of, participle, past, proscribed Form of: prove
    Sense id: en-proven-en-verb-8BC2NXXI Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -n (past participle) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -n (past participle): 18 82
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "unproven"
    },
    {
      "word": "disproven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n<id:past participle>"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more proven",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most proven",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "not proven"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
      ],
      "id": "en-proven-en-adj-7NYtl1wr",
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "promanito",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "প্রমাণিত"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "todennettu"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "todistettu"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "prouvé"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "dearfa"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "provato"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "dimostrato"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "comprovato"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "dowiedziony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "udowodniony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "provado"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dokázannyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "дока́занный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ispýtannyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "испы́танный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "подтверждённый"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "probado"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "demostrado"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "comprobado"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "diyama"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dovedenyj",
          "sense": "having been proved",
          "word": "доведений"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n<id:past participle>"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "proven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "prove"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of prove"
      ],
      "id": "en-proven-en-verb-8BC2NXXI",
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) past participle of prove"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "unproven"
    },
    {
      "word": "disproven"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English adjectives ending in -en",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
    "English verb forms",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Greek translations",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "not proven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n<id:past participle>"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more proven",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most proven",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "promanito",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "প্রমাণিত"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "todennettu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "todistettu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "prouvé"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "dearfa"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "provato"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "dimostrato"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "comprovato"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "dowiedziony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "udowodniony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "provado"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dokázannyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "дока́занный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ispýtannyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "испы́танный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "подтверждённый"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "probado"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "demostrado"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "comprobado"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "diyama"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dovedenyj",
      "sense": "having been proved",
      "word": "доведений"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English adjectives ending in -en",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
    "English verb forms",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Greek translations",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən",
    "Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "probō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "probus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "good, worthy, excellent"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "being in front, prominent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prove",
        "3": "n<id:past participle>"
      },
      "expansion": "prove + -n",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "proven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "prov‧en"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English past participles",
        "English proscribed terms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "prove"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of prove"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prove",
          "prove#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) past participle of prove"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prōʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːvən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊvən"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
  ],
  "word": "proven"
}

Download raw JSONL data for proven meaning in English (11.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.