See proven on Wiktionary
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"text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages.",
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],
"id": "en-proven-en-adj-7NYtl1wr",
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"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "promanito",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "প্রমাণিত"
},
{
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todennettu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todistettu"
},
{
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "prouvé"
},
{
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"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dearfa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "provato"
},
{
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"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dimostrato"
},
{
"code": "it",
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprovato"
},
{
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dowiedziony"
},
{
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"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "udowodniony"
},
{
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"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "provado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "дока́занный"
},
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "испы́танный"
},
{
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"roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "подтверждённый"
},
{
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"tags": [
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"word": "probado"
},
{
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"word": "comprobado"
},
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"word": "diyama"
},
{
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"lang": "Ukrainian",
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"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "доведений"
}
]
}
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"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "probō",
"4": "",
"5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "probus",
"4": "",
"5": "good, worthy, excellent"
},
"expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
"4": "",
"5": "being in front, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prove",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "prove + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more proven",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most proven",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prov‧en"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
39
]
],
"text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
],
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːvən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊvən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "promanito",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "প্রমাণিত"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todennettu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todistettu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "prouvé"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dearfa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "provato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dimostrato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprovato"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dowiedziony"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "udowodniony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "provado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dokázannyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "дока́занный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispýtannyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "испы́танный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "подтверждённый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "demostrado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprobado"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "diyama"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dovedenyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "доведений"
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular past participles",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Greek translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːvən",
"Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
"Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "probō",
"4": "",
"5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "probus",
"4": "",
"5": "good, worthy, excellent"
},
"expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
"4": "",
"5": "being in front, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prove",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "prove + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prov‧en"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English past participles"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "prove"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of prove"
],
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːvən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊvən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "prov"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of prov"
],
"links": [
[
"prov",
"prov#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for proven meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.