See prehesternal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pre",
"3": "hesternal"
},
"expansion": "pre- + hesternal",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pre- + hesternal.",
"head_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "prehesternal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
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"name": "Past",
"orig": "en:Past",
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"Fundamental"
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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103,
115
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],
"ref": "1991, Studies in Language:",
"text": "There are two past tenses, a hodiernal-hesternal tense used to refer to 'today' and 'yesterday', and a prehesternal tense used to refer to 'before yesterday', as in the following examples:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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113,
125
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341,
353
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],
"ref": "2018, Augustine Agwuele, Adams Bodomo, The Routledge Handbook of African Linguistics, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "It refers specifically to yesterday past and, contrary to the hodiernal tense particle, can never be extended to prehesternal use. It can, in addition, occur concurrently with only the hesternal adverb, zààméǹg 'yesterday'. This particle must appear when hesternal reference is intended, with or without the adverb, zààméǹg 'yesterday'. The prehesternal verbal particle, dáá, is also quite specific in that it can never be used to mark hodiernal and hesternal tenses.",
"type": "quote"
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{
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"ref": "2018, Jonathan E. MacDonald, Contemporary Trends in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics: Selected papers from the Hispanic Linguistic Symposium 2015, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 184:",
"text": "In contrast, no instances of PP occurred in either the today or yesterday contexts, and prehesternal contexts are highly disfavored (.36). Although low in frequency, the prehesternal factor serves as evidence to argue that in Southern Arizona Spanish, situations are temporally anchored to past time reference points located with respect to utterance time. In this study, indeterminate contexts were determined on lack of temporal anchoring, which is left unspecified by the interlocutor ...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to past time earlier than yesterday."
],
"id": "en-prehesternal-en-adj-Y9nHSUCx",
"links": [
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Relating to past time earlier than yesterday."
],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
"sciences"
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"word": "prehesternal"
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{
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"2": "pre",
"3": "hesternal"
},
"expansion": "pre- + hesternal",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pre- + hesternal.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "prehesternal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms prefixed with pre-",
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"English uncomparable adjectives",
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"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
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"en:Past"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
115
]
],
"ref": "1991, Studies in Language:",
"text": "There are two past tenses, a hodiernal-hesternal tense used to refer to 'today' and 'yesterday', and a prehesternal tense used to refer to 'before yesterday', as in the following examples:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
113,
125
],
[
341,
353
]
],
"ref": "2018, Augustine Agwuele, Adams Bodomo, The Routledge Handbook of African Linguistics, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "It refers specifically to yesterday past and, contrary to the hodiernal tense particle, can never be extended to prehesternal use. It can, in addition, occur concurrently with only the hesternal adverb, zààméǹg 'yesterday'. This particle must appear when hesternal reference is intended, with or without the adverb, zààméǹg 'yesterday'. The prehesternal verbal particle, dáá, is also quite specific in that it can never be used to mark hodiernal and hesternal tenses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
100
],
[
170,
182
]
],
"ref": "2018, Jonathan E. MacDonald, Contemporary Trends in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics: Selected papers from the Hispanic Linguistic Symposium 2015, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 184:",
"text": "In contrast, no instances of PP occurred in either the today or yesterday contexts, and prehesternal contexts are highly disfavored (.36). Although low in frequency, the prehesternal factor serves as evidence to argue that in Southern Arizona Spanish, situations are temporally anchored to past time reference points located with respect to utterance time. In this study, indeterminate contexts were determined on lack of temporal anchoring, which is left unspecified by the interlocutor ...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to past time earlier than yesterday."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Relating to past time earlier than yesterday."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "prehesternal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for prehesternal meaning in English (2.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.