See mali in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for mali meaning in English (13.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "माली",
"t": "gardener"
},
"expansion": "Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "माली",
"t": "wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मालिन्",
"t": "florist; gardener"
},
"expansion": "मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "माला",
"t": "wreath, garland; chaplet, crown"
},
"expansion": "माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”), from Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”), मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”), from माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mali (plural malis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧li"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 8 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, G. T. Frederic Speede, Indian Hand-book of Gardening; Containing Directions for the Management of the Kitchen and Flower Garden, etc. etc. in India: […], Calcutta: W. Thacker & Co. St. Andrew's Library, →OCLC, page 1",
"text": "[H]ence the slow progress hitherto made in the cultivation of such produce of the garden as is generally held in estimation by the European portion of the community, left as it generally is, to the simple Hindoo mallee (or gardener,) it is not to be wondered at, that our bazars want what are deemed the more delicate articles of vegetable production for the table; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1848, “Report of Exhibitions of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers and Agricultural Produce, Held at Bhaugulpore, on 11th February and 25th May, 1848. (Communicated by Major [T. E. A.] Napleton, Honorary Secretary Branch Agri-Horticultural Society.)”, in Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India, volumes VI, part II (Correspondence and Selections), number 3, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, →OCLC, page 125",
"text": "Prizes were awarded to ten other mallees for best samples of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and last though not least we have to note, that a prize of two rupees was awarded to the mallee of Robert Fulton, Esq., of Sultangunge, for a remarkably fine bunch of grapes, clearly showing that either the soil of Mr. Fulton's garden, the climate of Sultangunge, or the skill of that gentleman's gardener, are highly favorable to the growth, and bringing to maturity of this delicious fruit.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1871 November 29, “Cachar: Further Correspondence on the Subject of the Looshai Raids and the Consequent Hostilities (in Continuation of Paper, No. 398, of 1871)”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes X (East India—continued), [London]: […] The House of Commons, […], published 28 May 1872, →OCLC, page 301",
"text": "I sent down dhobies, sweepers, cooks, and mallees, last to dig trenches for burying the dead, when burning was not possible.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Amitav Ghosh, chapter 5, in Sea of Poppies, London: John Murray, pages 91–92",
"text": "The grounds of the estates were extensive enough to provide each mansion with a surrounding park, and these were, if anything, even more varied in design than the houses they enclosed – for the malis who tended the gardens, no less than the owners themselves, vied to outdo each other in the fancifulness of their plantings, creating here a little patch of topiary and there an avenue of trees, trimmed in the French fashion; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener."
],
"id": "en-mali-en-noun-en:gardener",
"links": [
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional#Adjective"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
],
[
"gardening",
"gardening#Noun"
],
[
"South Asian",
"South Asian#Adjective"
],
[
"gardener",
"gardener"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India, South Asia) A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener."
],
"senseid": [
"en:gardener"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mallee"
},
{
"word": "molly"
}
],
"tags": [
"India",
"South-Asia"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mālī",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माली"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mālin",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मालिन"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mālin",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मालिन्"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mālinī",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मालिनी"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "mâli",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مالی"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑːli/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːli"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æli"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "mali"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xh",
"3": "imali"
},
"expansion": "Xhosa imali",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zu",
"3": "imali",
"t": "money"
},
"expansion": "Zulu imali (“money”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sw",
"3": "mali",
"t": "riches, wealth; property"
},
"expansion": "Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "مَال",
"t": "money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property"
},
"expansion": "Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "money"
},
"expansion": "English money",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Xhosa imali, Zulu imali (“money”), both ultimately from Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”), from Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”). Some dictionaries suggest an origin in English money instead, making no attempt to account for the distribution of the loanword nor the proposed shift from /n/ to /l/, both of which make this unlikely.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "mali (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧li"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 60 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "en:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Money, cash."
],
"id": "en-mali-en-noun-CvrWq4Dg",
"links": [
[
"Money",
"money"
],
[
"cash",
"cash#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa) Money, cash."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑːli/",
"tags": [
"General-South-African",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːli"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "mali"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)mel-"
},
"expansion": "[Template:root]",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "malī"
},
"expansion": "Latin malī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"t": "adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "malus (“adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)mel-",
"t": "erroneous, false; bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin malī, a plural form of malus (“adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "mali",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧li"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English plurals in -i with singular in -us, -os or -o",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1997, ASTIN Bulletin, page 48",
"text": "The existence of boni and mali for the different risks can be interpreted through the sign of estimated covariances.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Jean Pinquet, “Experience Rating through Heterogeneous Models”, in Georges Dionne, editor, Handbook of Insurance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 462",
"text": "If the boni and mali do not depend on the frequency of claims, the average bonus-malus coefficient increases with the frequency.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Akmal Akramkhanov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan, “Effective management of soil salinity – revising leaching norms”, in John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Inna Rudenko, Paul L. G. Vlek, editors, Restructuring Land Allocation, Water Use and Agricultural Value Chains: Technologies, Policies and Practices for the Lower Amudarya Region, V & R unipress, Bonn University Press, page 131",
"text": "Akramkhanov et al. (2010) also suggested a system of boni and mali on taxes to support the implementation of measures to achieve both water saving and salinity control (Table 3.3.1).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of malus"
],
"id": "en-mali-en-noun-ZUyc~8uc",
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "etymologically unrelated",
"word": "hom mali rice"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæ-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali3.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali4.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "mali"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mel-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æli",
"Rhymes:English/æli/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːli",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːli/2 syllables",
"en:Horticulture",
"en:Money",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "माली",
"t": "gardener"
},
"expansion": "Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "माली",
"t": "wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मालिन्",
"t": "florist; gardener"
},
"expansion": "मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "माला",
"t": "wreath, garland; chaplet, crown"
},
"expansion": "माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”), from Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”), मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”), from माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mali (plural malis)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧li"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Indian English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, G. T. Frederic Speede, Indian Hand-book of Gardening; Containing Directions for the Management of the Kitchen and Flower Garden, etc. etc. in India: […], Calcutta: W. Thacker & Co. St. Andrew's Library, →OCLC, page 1",
"text": "[H]ence the slow progress hitherto made in the cultivation of such produce of the garden as is generally held in estimation by the European portion of the community, left as it generally is, to the simple Hindoo mallee (or gardener,) it is not to be wondered at, that our bazars want what are deemed the more delicate articles of vegetable production for the table; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1848, “Report of Exhibitions of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers and Agricultural Produce, Held at Bhaugulpore, on 11th February and 25th May, 1848. (Communicated by Major [T. E. A.] Napleton, Honorary Secretary Branch Agri-Horticultural Society.)”, in Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India, volumes VI, part II (Correspondence and Selections), number 3, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, →OCLC, page 125",
"text": "Prizes were awarded to ten other mallees for best samples of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and last though not least we have to note, that a prize of two rupees was awarded to the mallee of Robert Fulton, Esq., of Sultangunge, for a remarkably fine bunch of grapes, clearly showing that either the soil of Mr. Fulton's garden, the climate of Sultangunge, or the skill of that gentleman's gardener, are highly favorable to the growth, and bringing to maturity of this delicious fruit.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1871 November 29, “Cachar: Further Correspondence on the Subject of the Looshai Raids and the Consequent Hostilities (in Continuation of Paper, No. 398, of 1871)”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes X (East India—continued), [London]: […] The House of Commons, […], published 28 May 1872, →OCLC, page 301",
"text": "I sent down dhobies, sweepers, cooks, and mallees, last to dig trenches for burying the dead, when burning was not possible.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Amitav Ghosh, chapter 5, in Sea of Poppies, London: John Murray, pages 91–92",
"text": "The grounds of the estates were extensive enough to provide each mansion with a surrounding park, and these were, if anything, even more varied in design than the houses they enclosed – for the malis who tended the gardens, no less than the owners themselves, vied to outdo each other in the fancifulness of their plantings, creating here a little patch of topiary and there an avenue of trees, trimmed in the French fashion; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener."
],
"links": [
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional#Adjective"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
],
[
"gardening",
"gardening#Noun"
],
[
"South Asian",
"South Asian#Adjective"
],
[
"gardener",
"gardener"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India, South Asia) A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener."
],
"senseid": [
"en:gardener"
],
"tags": [
"India",
"South-Asia"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑːli/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːli"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æli"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mallee"
},
{
"word": "molly"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mālī",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "माली"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mālin",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मालिन"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mālin",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मालिन्"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "mālinī",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मालिनी"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "mâli",
"sense": "South Asian gardener",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مالی"
}
],
"word": "mali"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms borrowed from Xhosa",
"English terms borrowed from Zulu",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Swahili",
"English terms derived from Xhosa",
"English terms derived from Zulu",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mel-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːli",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːli/2 syllables",
"en:Horticulture",
"en:Money",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xh",
"3": "imali"
},
"expansion": "Xhosa imali",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zu",
"3": "imali",
"t": "money"
},
"expansion": "Zulu imali (“money”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sw",
"3": "mali",
"t": "riches, wealth; property"
},
"expansion": "Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "مَال",
"t": "money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property"
},
"expansion": "Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "money"
},
"expansion": "English money",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Xhosa imali, Zulu imali (“money”), both ultimately from Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”), from Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”). Some dictionaries suggest an origin in English money instead, making no attempt to account for the distribution of the loanword nor the proposed shift from /n/ to /l/, both of which make this unlikely.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "mali (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧li"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"South African English"
],
"glosses": [
"Money, cash."
],
"links": [
[
"Money",
"money"
],
[
"cash",
"cash#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa) Money, cash."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑːli/",
"tags": [
"General-South-African",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑli/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːli"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "mali"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mel-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:Horticulture",
"en:Money",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)mel-"
},
"expansion": "[Template:root]",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "malī"
},
"expansion": "Latin malī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"t": "adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "malus (“adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)mel-",
"t": "erroneous, false; bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin malī, a plural form of malus (“adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "mali",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧li"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "etymologically unrelated",
"word": "hom mali rice"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English plurals in -i with singular in -us, -os or -o",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1997, ASTIN Bulletin, page 48",
"text": "The existence of boni and mali for the different risks can be interpreted through the sign of estimated covariances.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Jean Pinquet, “Experience Rating through Heterogeneous Models”, in Georges Dionne, editor, Handbook of Insurance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 462",
"text": "If the boni and mali do not depend on the frequency of claims, the average bonus-malus coefficient increases with the frequency.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Akmal Akramkhanov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan, “Effective management of soil salinity – revising leaching norms”, in John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Inna Rudenko, Paul L. G. Vlek, editors, Restructuring Land Allocation, Water Use and Agricultural Value Chains: Technologies, Policies and Practices for the Lower Amudarya Region, V & R unipress, Bonn University Press, page 131",
"text": "Akramkhanov et al. (2010) also suggested a system of boni and mali on taxes to support the implementation of measures to achieve both water saving and salinity control (Table 3.3.1).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of malus"
],
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæ-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmeɪlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali3.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali3.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mali4.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mali4.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "mali"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.