See makhorka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "махо́рка"
},
"expansion": "Russian махо́рка (maxórka)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian махо́рка (maxórka). The Russian term took its name from the Dutch city of Amersfoort, known for its tobacco industry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makhorkas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "makhorka (usually uncountable, plural makhorkas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Armenian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"source": "w"
},
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"kind": "other",
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},
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"kind": "other",
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},
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"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tobacco",
"orig": "en:Tobacco",
"parents": [
"Nightshades",
"Recreational drugs",
"Smoking",
"Plants",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"Lifeforms",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"All topics",
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"Biology",
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],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1938, Seema Rynin Allan, Comrades and citizens, page 113:",
"text": "Carefully refolding the paper, he put it away and rolled himself a cigarette of powerful makhorka in the strip of newspaper.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1949, Naum Jasny, The Socialized Agriculture of the U. S. S. R., page 585:",
"text": "More than three-quarters of the Soviet tobacco output consists of makhorka (Nicotiana rustica), a low-grade variety used in other European countries only as an insecticide because of its high nicotine content.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, David Victor Rosenstein, The Reason to Love This Country, page 36:",
"text": "We were starving for tobacco—makhorka, actually, which, according to soldiers, helped survive cold, hunger and everyday toil. They gave us one pack of makhorka a month.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine."
],
"id": "en-makhorka-en-noun-4gNf92WU",
"links": [
[
"tobacco",
"tobacco"
],
[
"Nicotiana rustica",
"Nicotiana rustica#Translingual"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
],
[
"Ukraine",
"Ukraine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Russia) A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "Aztec tobacco"
},
{
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "mapacho"
},
{
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "wild tobacco"
}
],
"tags": [
"Russia",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "maxorka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "մախորկա"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "tənbəki"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "maxórka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "махо́рка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "黃花煙草"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huánghuā yāncǎo",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "黄花烟草"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tabák selský"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "mahorkka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "makhorka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bauern-Tabak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rundblatt-Tabak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Machorka"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "mahorkka"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mahoruka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "マホルカ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rusutika tabako",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "ルスティカタバコ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mahoreuka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "마호르카"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tytoń bakun"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "maxórka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "махо́рка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "majorka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mapacho"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "bondtobak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "maxórka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "махо́рка"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "thuốc lào"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "makhorke",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מאַכאָרקע"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicotiana rustica"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˈkɔː(ɹ)kə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/məˈxɔː(ɹ)kə/"
}
],
"word": "makhorka"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "махо́рка"
},
"expansion": "Russian махо́рка (maxórka)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian махо́рка (maxórka). The Russian term took its name from the Dutch city of Amersfoort, known for its tobacco industry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makhorkas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "makhorka (usually uncountable, plural makhorkas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Armenian terms with redundant script codes",
"Belarusian terms with redundant script codes",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Ukrainian terms with redundant script codes",
"en:Tobacco"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1938, Seema Rynin Allan, Comrades and citizens, page 113:",
"text": "Carefully refolding the paper, he put it away and rolled himself a cigarette of powerful makhorka in the strip of newspaper.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1949, Naum Jasny, The Socialized Agriculture of the U. S. S. R., page 585:",
"text": "More than three-quarters of the Soviet tobacco output consists of makhorka (Nicotiana rustica), a low-grade variety used in other European countries only as an insecticide because of its high nicotine content.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, David Victor Rosenstein, The Reason to Love This Country, page 36:",
"text": "We were starving for tobacco—makhorka, actually, which, according to soldiers, helped survive cold, hunger and everyday toil. They gave us one pack of makhorka a month.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine."
],
"links": [
[
"tobacco",
"tobacco"
],
[
"Nicotiana rustica",
"Nicotiana rustica#Translingual"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
],
[
"Ukraine",
"Ukraine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Russia) A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine."
],
"tags": [
"Russia",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicotiana rustica"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˈkɔː(ɹ)kə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/məˈxɔː(ɹ)kə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "Aztec tobacco"
},
{
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "mapacho"
},
{
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "wild tobacco"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "maxorka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "մախորկա"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "tənbəki"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "maxórka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "махо́рка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "黃花煙草"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huánghuā yāncǎo",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "黄花烟草"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tabák selský"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "mahorkka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "makhorka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bauern-Tabak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rundblatt-Tabak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Machorka"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "mahorkka"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mahoruka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "マホルカ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rusutika tabako",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "ルスティカタバコ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mahoreuka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "마호르카"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tytoń bakun"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "maxórka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "махо́рка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "majorka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mapacho"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "bondtobak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "maxórka",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "махо́рка"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"word": "thuốc lào"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "makhorke",
"sense": "Nicotiana rustica",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מאַכאָרקע"
}
],
"word": "makhorka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for makhorka meaning in English (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.