See knowest in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ǵneh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-"
],
[
"*knēaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knēaną"
],
[
"*knāan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knāan"
],
[
"cnāwan",
"cnawan#Old_English"
],
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"*-eh₂yési",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yési"
],
[
"*-ōsi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōsi"
],
[
"*-ōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōs"
],
[
"-ast",
"-ast#Old_English"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#Middle_English:_second-person_singular"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#English:_second-person_singular"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#English:_second-person_singular"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "know",
"4": "-est<id:second-person singular>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Germanic *knēaną\nProto-West Germanic *knāan\nOld English cnāwan\nMiddle English knowen\nEnglish know\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési\nProto-Germanic *-ōsi\nProto-West Germanic *-ōs\nOld English -ast\nMiddle English -est\nEnglish -est\nEnglish knowest\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knēaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knāan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cnāwan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"knowen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"know\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"second-person singular\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"second-person singular\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yési\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōsi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ast\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-est\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-est\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"knowest\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"knowest\">\nFrom know + -est.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "know",
"4": "-est<id:second-person singular>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Germanic *knēaną\nProto-West Germanic *knāan\nOld English cnāwan\nMiddle English knowen\nEnglish know\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési\nProto-Germanic *-ōsi\nProto-West Germanic *-ōs\nOld English -ast\nMiddle English -est\nEnglish -est\nEnglish knowest\nFrom know + -est.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Germanic *knēaną\nProto-West Germanic *knāan\nOld English cnāwan\nMiddle English knowen\nEnglish know\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési\nProto-Germanic *-ōsi\nProto-West Germanic *-ōs\nOld English -ast\nMiddle English -est\nEnglish -est\nEnglish knowest\nFrom know + -est.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "know'st",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "knowest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -est (second-person singular)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "know"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular simple present indicative of know"
],
"id": "en-knowest-en-verb-RsHHrD3a",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of know"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "knowest"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ǵneh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-"
],
[
"*knēaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knēaną"
],
[
"*knāan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knāan"
],
[
"cnāwan",
"cnawan#Old_English"
],
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"*-eh₂yési",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yési"
],
[
"*-ōsi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōsi"
],
[
"*-ōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōs"
],
[
"-ast",
"-ast#Old_English"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#Middle_English:_second-person_singular"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#English:_second-person_singular"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-est",
"-est#English:_second-person_singular"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "know",
"4": "-est<id:second-person singular>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Germanic *knēaną\nProto-West Germanic *knāan\nOld English cnāwan\nMiddle English knowen\nEnglish know\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési\nProto-Germanic *-ōsi\nProto-West Germanic *-ōs\nOld English -ast\nMiddle English -est\nEnglish -est\nEnglish knowest\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knēaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*knāan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cnāwan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"knowen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"know\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"second-person singular\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"second-person singular\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yési\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōsi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ast\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-est\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-est\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"knowest\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"knowest\">\nFrom know + -est.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "know",
"4": "-est<id:second-person singular>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Germanic *knēaną\nProto-West Germanic *knāan\nOld English cnāwan\nMiddle English knowen\nEnglish know\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési\nProto-Germanic *-ōsi\nProto-West Germanic *-ōs\nOld English -ast\nMiddle English -est\nEnglish -est\nEnglish knowest\nFrom know + -est.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-\nProto-Germanic *knēaną\nProto-West Germanic *knāan\nOld English cnāwan\nMiddle English knowen\nEnglish know\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési\nProto-Germanic *-ōsi\nProto-West Germanic *-ōs\nOld English -ast\nMiddle English -est\nEnglish -est\nEnglish knowest\nFrom know + -est.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "know'st",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "knowest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English second-person singular forms",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
"English terms suffixed with -est (second-person singular)",
"English verb forms",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "know"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular simple present indicative of know"
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of know"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "knowest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for knowest meaning in English (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.