See graver in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"gravere",
"gravere#Middle_English"
],
[
"graver",
"graver#Middle_English"
],
[
"gravoure",
"gravoure#Middle_English"
],
[
"græfere",
"græfere#Old_English"
],
[
"grafere",
"grafere#Old_English"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_noun"
],
[
"graveur",
"graveur#Dutch"
],
[
"Graveur",
"Graveur#German"
],
[
"gravør",
"gravør#Danish"
],
[
"gravör",
"gravör#Swedish"
],
[
"grafari",
"grafari#Icelandic"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gravere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gravere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "græfere"
},
"expansion": "Old English græfere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave",
"3": "er",
"id2": "agent noun",
"t1": "to engrave"
},
"expansion": "grave (“to engrave”) + -er",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "graveur"
},
"expansion": "Dutch graveur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Graveur"
},
"expansion": "German Graveur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gravør"
},
"expansion": "Danish gravør",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gravör"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gravör",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grafari"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic grafari",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gravere, graver, gravoure, from Old English græfere, grafere (“graver; engraver; sculptor”), equivalent to grave (“to engrave”) + -er. Cognate with Dutch graveur, German Graveur, Danish gravør, Swedish gravör, Icelandic grafari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graver (plural gravers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a burin"
],
"id": "en-graver-en-noun-59Dco8Pk",
"links": [
[
"burin",
"burin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) a burin"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 14 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 12 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 77",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures\nThe graver, in ploughing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
68,
74
]
],
"ref": "a. 1798, James Barry, Observations on different works of art in France and Ital:",
"text": "[…] the parts within the contorno are drawn by the incisions of the graver […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a carver, sculptor, or engraver"
],
"id": "en-graver-en-noun-0GrDEhNH",
"links": [
[
"carver",
"carver"
],
[
"sculptor",
"sculptor"
],
[
"engraver",
"engraver"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a carver, sculptor, or engraver"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹeɪ.və(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "graver"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*gʷreh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷreh₂-#Proto-Indo-European:_heavy"
],
[
"*-us",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-us#Proto-Indo-European:_Caland_system"
],
[
"*gʷréh₂us",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷréh₂us#Proto-Indo-European:_heavy"
],
[
"*gʷraus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/gʷraus#Proto-Italic:_heavy"
],
[
"gravis",
"gravis#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"gravō",
"gravo#Latin"
],
[
"grava",
"grava#Latin"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#Old_French"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#Middle_French"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English:_heavy"
],
[
"*-yōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yōs"
],
[
"*-izô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-izô"
],
[
"*-iʀō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-iʀō"
],
[
"*-ōzô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōzô"
],
[
"*-ōʀō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōʀō"
],
[
"-ra",
"-ra#Old_English:_comparative"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Middle_English:_comparative"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_comparative"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English:_heavy"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_comparative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "grave<id:heavy><pos:adjective>",
"4": "-er<id:comparative>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nMedieval Latin gravō\nMedieval Latin gravader.\nOld French grave\nMiddle French gravebor.\nEnglish grave\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Germanic *-izô\nProto-West Germanic *-iʀō\nProto-Germanic *-ōzô\nProto-West Germanic *-ōʀō\nOld English -ra\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish graver\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷreh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷréh₂us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*gʷraus\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"gravis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"gravō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"grava\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"grave\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"grave\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"grave\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"adjective\" }, { \"id\" : \"comparative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"comparative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"comparative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-izô\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iʀō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōzô\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōʀō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ra\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"graver\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"graver\">\nFrom grave (adjective) + -er.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "grave<id:heavy><pos:adjective>",
"4": "-er<id:comparative>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nMedieval Latin gravō\nMedieval Latin gravader.\nOld French grave\nMiddle French gravebor.\nEnglish grave\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Germanic *-izô\nProto-West Germanic *-iʀō\nProto-Germanic *-ōzô\nProto-West Germanic *-ōʀō\nOld English -ra\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish graver\nFrom grave (adjective) + -er.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nMedieval Latin gravō\nMedieval Latin gravader.\nOld French grave\nMiddle French gravebor.\nEnglish grave\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Germanic *-izô\nProto-West Germanic *-iʀō\nProto-Germanic *-ōzô\nProto-West Germanic *-ōʀō\nOld English -ra\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish graver\nFrom grave (adjective) + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "graver",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (comparative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "more grave",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative form of grave: more grave"
],
"id": "en-graver-en-adj-DAge1ho0",
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹeɪ.və(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "graver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms suffixed with -er (comparative)",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Tools"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gravere",
"gravere#Middle_English"
],
[
"graver",
"graver#Middle_English"
],
[
"gravoure",
"gravoure#Middle_English"
],
[
"græfere",
"græfere#Old_English"
],
[
"grafere",
"grafere#Old_English"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_agent_noun"
],
[
"graveur",
"graveur#Dutch"
],
[
"Graveur",
"Graveur#German"
],
[
"gravør",
"gravør#Danish"
],
[
"gravör",
"gravör#Swedish"
],
[
"grafari",
"grafari#Icelandic"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gravere"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gravere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "græfere"
},
"expansion": "Old English græfere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave",
"3": "er",
"id2": "agent noun",
"t1": "to engrave"
},
"expansion": "grave (“to engrave”) + -er",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "graveur"
},
"expansion": "Dutch graveur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Graveur"
},
"expansion": "German Graveur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gravør"
},
"expansion": "Danish gravør",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gravör"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gravör",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grafari"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic grafari",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gravere, graver, gravoure, from Old English græfere, grafere (“graver; engraver; sculptor”), equivalent to grave (“to engrave”) + -er. Cognate with Dutch graveur, German Graveur, Danish gravør, Swedish gravör, Icelandic grafari.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graver (plural gravers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"a burin"
],
"links": [
[
"burin",
"burin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) a burin"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1852-1854, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures\nThe graver, in ploughing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs."
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
68,
74
]
],
"ref": "a. 1798, James Barry, Observations on different works of art in France and Ital:",
"text": "[…] the parts within the contorno are drawn by the incisions of the graver […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a carver, sculptor, or engraver"
],
"links": [
[
"carver",
"carver"
],
[
"sculptor",
"sculptor"
],
[
"engraver",
"engraver"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a carver, sculptor, or engraver"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹeɪ.və(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "graver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"English terms suffixed with -er (comparative)",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/eɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Tools"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*gʷreh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷreh₂-#Proto-Indo-European:_heavy"
],
[
"*-us",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-us#Proto-Indo-European:_Caland_system"
],
[
"*gʷréh₂us",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷréh₂us#Proto-Indo-European:_heavy"
],
[
"*gʷraus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/gʷraus#Proto-Italic:_heavy"
],
[
"gravis",
"gravis#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"gravō",
"gravo#Latin"
],
[
"grava",
"grava#Latin"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#Old_French"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#Middle_French"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English:_heavy"
],
[
"*-yōs",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yōs"
],
[
"*-izô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-izô"
],
[
"*-iʀō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-iʀō"
],
[
"*-ōzô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōzô"
],
[
"*-ōʀō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōʀō"
],
[
"-ra",
"-ra#Old_English:_comparative"
],
[
"-ere",
"-ere#Middle_English:_comparative"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_comparative"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English:_heavy"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English:_comparative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "grave<id:heavy><pos:adjective>",
"4": "-er<id:comparative>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nMedieval Latin gravō\nMedieval Latin gravader.\nOld French grave\nMiddle French gravebor.\nEnglish grave\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Germanic *-izô\nProto-West Germanic *-iʀō\nProto-Germanic *-ōzô\nProto-West Germanic *-ōʀō\nOld English -ra\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish graver\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heavy\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷreh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷréh₂us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*gʷraus\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"gravis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"gravō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"grava\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"grave\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"grave\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"grave\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"adjective\" }, { \"id\" : \"comparative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"comparative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"comparative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-izô\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iʀō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōzô\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōʀō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ra\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"graver\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"graver\">\nFrom grave (adjective) + -er.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "grave<id:heavy><pos:adjective>",
"4": "-er<id:comparative>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nMedieval Latin gravō\nMedieval Latin gravader.\nOld French grave\nMiddle French gravebor.\nEnglish grave\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Germanic *-izô\nProto-West Germanic *-iʀō\nProto-Germanic *-ōzô\nProto-West Germanic *-ōʀō\nOld English -ra\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish graver\nFrom grave (adjective) + -er.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us\nProto-Italic *gʷraus\nLatin gravis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nMedieval Latin gravō\nMedieval Latin gravader.\nOld French grave\nMiddle French gravebor.\nEnglish grave\nProto-Indo-European *-yōs\nProto-Germanic *-izô\nProto-West Germanic *-iʀō\nProto-Germanic *-ōzô\nProto-West Germanic *-ōʀō\nOld English -ra\nMiddle English -ere\nEnglish -er\nEnglish graver\nFrom grave (adjective) + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "graver",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "more grave",
"word": "grave"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative form of grave: more grave"
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
],
[
"grave",
"grave#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹeɪ.və(ɹ)/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-graver.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-graver.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪvə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "graver"
}
Download raw JSONL data for graver meaning in English (15.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.