"gerund-participle" meaning in English

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gerund-participles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gerund-participle (plural gerund-participles)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English dvandva compounds",
          "parents": [
            "Dvandva compounds",
            "Compound terms",
            "Terms by etymology"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "en:Grammar",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2005, Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum, A Student's Introduction to English Grammar:",
          "text": "The gerund-participle ¶ Traditionally (for example, in the grammar of Latin), a gerund is a verb-form that is functionally similar to a noun, whereas a participle is one that is functionally similar to an adjective.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Patrick J. Duffley, The English gerund-participle in cognitive grammar:",
          "text": "THE TERM 'GERUND-PARTICIPLE' used in the title of this paper is adopted from Huddleston and Pullum (2002:80), who see no reason to give priority to one or the other of the traditional terms used to refer to the verbal uses of the English -ing form illustrated in (1):",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Frank Boers, Jeroen Darquennes, Koen Kerremans, Multilingualism and Applied Comparative Linguistics:",
          "text": "The intralinguistic analysis carried out on our sample has revealed that, on average, the English gerund-participle is frequently used to realize circumstance adverbials, which may express a great variety of semantic roles.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Mark Liberman, “Gerunds vs. participles”, in Language Log:",
          "text": "Therefore I was happy when Geoffrey Pullum and Rodney Huddleston, in the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, presented a clear and compelling argument that \"A distinction between gerund and present participle can't be sustained\" (pp. 80-83 and 1220-1222). They therefore use the merged category \"gerund-participle\".",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Patrick Duffley, Reclaiming Control as a Semantic and Pragmatic Phenomenon:",
          "text": "This amounted to 176 occurrences of the gerund-participle and 49 of the to-infinitive, an interesting statistic in itself, as it confirms the more noun-like character of the gerund-participle, ...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The form of an English verb that ends in -ing and can function as a noun, an adjective, or a progressive verb."
      ],
      "id": "en-gerund-participle-en-noun--n7I-zYi",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective"
        ],
        [
          "progressive",
          "progressive"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) The form of an English verb that ends in -ing and can function as a noun, an adjective, or a progressive verb."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ing-form"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gerund-participle"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gerund-participles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gerund-participle (plural gerund-participles)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English dvandva compounds",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English multiword terms",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Grammar"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2005, Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum, A Student's Introduction to English Grammar:",
          "text": "The gerund-participle ¶ Traditionally (for example, in the grammar of Latin), a gerund is a verb-form that is functionally similar to a noun, whereas a participle is one that is functionally similar to an adjective.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Patrick J. Duffley, The English gerund-participle in cognitive grammar:",
          "text": "THE TERM 'GERUND-PARTICIPLE' used in the title of this paper is adopted from Huddleston and Pullum (2002:80), who see no reason to give priority to one or the other of the traditional terms used to refer to the verbal uses of the English -ing form illustrated in (1):",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Frank Boers, Jeroen Darquennes, Koen Kerremans, Multilingualism and Applied Comparative Linguistics:",
          "text": "The intralinguistic analysis carried out on our sample has revealed that, on average, the English gerund-participle is frequently used to realize circumstance adverbials, which may express a great variety of semantic roles.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Mark Liberman, “Gerunds vs. participles”, in Language Log:",
          "text": "Therefore I was happy when Geoffrey Pullum and Rodney Huddleston, in the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, presented a clear and compelling argument that \"A distinction between gerund and present participle can't be sustained\" (pp. 80-83 and 1220-1222). They therefore use the merged category \"gerund-participle\".",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Patrick Duffley, Reclaiming Control as a Semantic and Pragmatic Phenomenon:",
          "text": "This amounted to 176 occurrences of the gerund-participle and 49 of the to-infinitive, an interesting statistic in itself, as it confirms the more noun-like character of the gerund-participle, ...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The form of an English verb that ends in -ing and can function as a noun, an adjective, or a progressive verb."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective"
        ],
        [
          "progressive",
          "progressive"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) The form of an English verb that ends in -ing and can function as a noun, an adjective, or a progressive verb."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ing-form"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gerund-participle"
}