See ethnographic in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{
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{
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{
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"ref": "1991, Jean Kommers, “Between Structure and Context: Sources, Source Criticism, and Alterity Studies”, in Raymond Corbey, Joep Leerssen, editors, Alterity, Identity, Image: Selves and Others in Society and Scholarship, Amsterdam: Rodopi B.V., →ISBN, page 109:",
"text": "Among anthropologists old ethnographic descriptions and travelbooks have a bad reputation. With the exception of ethnohistorians, anthropologists make little use of these sources for ethnographic research because of their reputed lack of reliability.",
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"word": "etnografies"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʔiṯnūḡrāfiyy",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "إِثْنُوغْرَافِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
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"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "azgagrakan",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "ազգագրական"
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnogràfic"
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"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografisk"
},
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"word": "etnografisch"
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"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografinen"
},
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"word": "ethnographique"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ka",
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"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "ეთნოგრაფიული"
},
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"lang_code": "de",
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"word": "ethnographisch"
},
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"lang_code": "el",
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"word": "εθνογραφικός"
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"word": "eitneagrafaíoch"
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"word": "etnografico"
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"word": "etnográfico"
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"word": "этнографи́ческий"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-\nProto-Hellenic *séswōtʰa\nAncient Greek ἔθω (éthō)\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nAncient Greek -νος (-nos)\n?\nAncient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos)der.\nEnglish ethno-\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γρᾰ́φω (grắphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek γραφή (graphḗ)\nAncient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā)bor.\nFrench -graphieder.\nEnglish -graphy\nEnglish ethnography\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish ethnographic\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"ἔθω\", \"gloss\" : \"I am accustomed\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*séswōtʰa\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swe-dʰh₁-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"εἴωθα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-νος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἔθνος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ethno-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drawing\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γρᾰ́φω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"zero-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-η\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γραφή\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γραφίᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-graphie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graphy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ethnography\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ethnographic\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ethnographic\">\nFrom ethnography + -ic.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-\nProto-Hellenic *séswōtʰa\nAncient Greek ἔθω (éthō)\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nAncient Greek -νος (-nos)\n?\nAncient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos)der.\nEnglish ethno-\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γρᾰ́φω (grắphō)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-ā́\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek γραφή (graphḗ)\nAncient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā)bor.\nFrench -graphieder.\nEnglish -graphy\nEnglish ethnography\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ik\nEnglish -ic\nEnglish ethnographic\nFrom ethnography + -ic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ethnographic (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé",
"English terms suffixed with -ic",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
38
],
[
183,
195
]
],
"ref": "1991, Jean Kommers, “Between Structure and Context: Sources, Source Criticism, and Alterity Studies”, in Raymond Corbey, Joep Leerssen, editors, Alterity, Identity, Image: Selves and Others in Society and Scholarship, Amsterdam: Rodopi B.V., →ISBN, page 109:",
"text": "Among anthropologists old ethnographic descriptions and travelbooks have a bad reputation. With the exception of ethnohistorians, anthropologists make little use of these sources for ethnographic research because of their reputed lack of reliability.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to ethnography."
],
"links": [
[
"ethnography",
"ethnography"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ethnographical"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ethnographic.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ethnographic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ethnographic.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ethnographic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ethnographic.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografies"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʔiṯnūḡrāfiyy",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "إِثْنُوغْرَافِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "azgagrakan",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "ազգագրական"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnogràfic"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografisch"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "ethnographique"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "etnograpiuli",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "ეთნოგრაფიული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "ethnographisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ethnografikós",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "εθνογραφικός"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "eitneagrafaíoch"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografico"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "ètnografıyalıq",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "этнографиялық"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnogrāfisks"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografisk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnograficzny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnográfico"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "etnografíčeskij",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "этнографи́ческий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnográfico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "etnografisk"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "etnografish",
"sense": "of, or relating to ethnography",
"word": "עטנאָגראַפֿיש"
}
],
"word": "ethnographic"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ethnographic meaning in English (14.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.