"espalier" meaning in English

See espalier in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɪˈspalɪə/ [UK], /-ˈpæl.i.eɪ/ [UK], /ɛs-/ [UK], /ɪˈspæl.jɚ/ [US], /-jeɪ/ [US], /ɛsˈpæl-/ [US] Audio: en-us-espalier.ogg , en-us-espalier2.ogg Forms: espaliers [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|espalier}} French espalier, {{der|en|it|spalliera}} Italian spalliera Head templates: {{en-noun}} espalier (plural espaliers)
  1. A latticework used to shape or train the branches of a tree or shrub into a two-dimensional ornamental or useful design, as along a wall or fence. Categories (topical): Agriculture
    Sense id: en-espalier-en-noun-Pph072VW Disambiguation of Agriculture: 64 7 8 20 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 67 4 5 24
  2. A plant that has been shaped in this manner.
    Sense id: en-espalier-en-noun-vunZn4SI
  3. A row of plants that have been shaped in this manner.
    Sense id: en-espalier-en-noun-fZnJdthX

Verb

IPA: /ɪˈspalɪə/ [UK], /-ˈpæl.i.eɪ/ [UK], /ɛs-/ [UK], /ɪˈspæl.jɚ/ [US], /-jeɪ/ [US], /ɛsˈpæl-/ [US] Audio: en-us-espalier.ogg , en-us-espalier2.ogg Forms: espaliers [present, singular, third-person], espaliering [participle, present], espaliered [participle, past], espaliered [past]
Etymology: Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|espalier}} French espalier, {{der|en|it|spalliera}} Italian spalliera Head templates: {{en-verb}} espalier (third-person singular simple present espaliers, present participle espaliering, simple past and past participle espaliered)
  1. To train a plant in this manner. Related terms: arborsculpture, bonsai, topiary
    Sense id: en-espalier-en-verb-mYClLg13

Inflected forms

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        "2": "fr",
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      },
      "expansion": "French espalier",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "spalliera"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian spalliera",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
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  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espaliers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "espalier (plural espaliers)",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "67 4 5 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 7 8 20",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "en:Agriculture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 223:",
          "text": "The garment stalls carried the traditional blue vine-dressers' outfits, sunhats, and the great willow pitchforks grown in espalier at villages like Sauve.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A latticework used to shape or train the branches of a tree or shrub into a two-dimensional ornamental or useful design, as along a wall or fence."
      ],
      "id": "en-espalier-en-noun-Pph072VW",
      "links": [
        [
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          "branches"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ],
        [
          "shrub",
          "shrub"
        ],
        [
          "ornamental",
          "ornamental"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1915 April, F. J. Smiley, “The alpine and subapline vegetation of the Lake Tahoe region”, in Botanical Gazette, volume 59, page 265:",
          "text": "It is on this rocky surface that one finds many of the growth forms associated with extreme life conditions: polsters, mat plants, espaliers.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A plant that has been shaped in this manner."
      ],
      "id": "en-espalier-en-noun-vunZn4SI",
      "links": [
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A row of plants that have been shaped in this manner."
      ],
      "id": "en-espalier-en-noun-fZnJdthX",
      "links": [
        [
          "row",
          "row"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ɪˈspalɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˈpæl.i.eɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪˈspæl.jɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
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      "ipa": "/-jeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛsˈpæl-/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-espalier.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/En-us-espalier.ogg/En-us-espalier.ogg.mp3",
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        "2": "fr",
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    },
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        "2": "it",
        "3": "spalliera"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian spalliera",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espaliers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espaliering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espaliered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espaliered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
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  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To train a plant in this manner."
      ],
      "id": "en-espalier-en-verb-mYClLg13",
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "arborsculpture"
        },
        {
          "word": "bonsai"
        },
        {
          "word": "topiary"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "ipa": "/ɪˈspalɪə/",
      "tags": [
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    {
      "ipa": "/-ˈpæl.i.eɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
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    {
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      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-jeɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
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      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
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      "audio": "en-us-espalier.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/En-us-espalier.ogg/En-us-espalier.ogg.mp3",
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{
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Italian",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
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  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
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      "name": "bor"
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    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "it",
        "3": "spalliera"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian spalliera",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espaliers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "espalier (plural espaliers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 223:",
          "text": "The garment stalls carried the traditional blue vine-dressers' outfits, sunhats, and the great willow pitchforks grown in espalier at villages like Sauve.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A latticework used to shape or train the branches of a tree or shrub into a two-dimensional ornamental or useful design, as along a wall or fence."
      ],
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          "shrub"
        ],
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          "ornamental"
        ]
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          "ref": "1915 April, F. J. Smiley, “The alpine and subapline vegetation of the Lake Tahoe region”, in Botanical Gazette, volume 59, page 265:",
          "text": "It is on this rocky surface that one finds many of the growth forms associated with extreme life conditions: polsters, mat plants, espaliers.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A plant that has been shaped in this manner."
      ],
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          "plant"
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        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A row of plants that have been shaped in this manner."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "row",
          "row"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "ipa": "/ɪˈspalɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ˈpæl.i.eɪ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
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    {
      "ipa": "/ɪˈspæl.jɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
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      "tags": [
        "US"
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    },
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        "US"
      ]
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    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Italian",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
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  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "espaliers",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espaliering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espaliered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "espaliered",
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        "past"
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
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      "word": "arborsculpture"
    },
    {
      "word": "bonsai"
    },
    {
      "word": "topiary"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To train a plant in this manner."
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "ipa": "/ɪˈspalɪə/",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
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      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛs-/",
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}

Download raw JSONL data for espalier meaning in English (4.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.