See dragging in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"text": "[T]he inmates of the coach, by numerous hard, painful joltings, and ponderous, dragging trundlings, are suddenly made sensible of some great change in the character of the road.",
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡɪŋ/"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "drag",
"4": "-ing<id:gerund noun>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish drag\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish dragging\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ung\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dragging\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"dragging\">\nFrom drag + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish drag\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish dragging\nFrom drag + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "draggings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "dragging (countable and uncountable, plural draggings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"drag",
"ging"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English gerunds",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
42
]
],
"ref": "1914, Charles Edward Morrison, Earth Roads, page 24:",
"text": "As a result, after the first few draggings it is found that the surface becomes constantly smoother and harder and little rain remains on the roadway",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "an instance of something being dragged",
"word": "drag"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gerund of drag: an instance of something being dragged."
],
"links": [
[
"drag",
"drag#English"
],
[
"instance",
"instance#Noun"
],
[
"dragged",
"drag#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"form-of",
"gerund",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of drag racing."
],
"links": [
[
"drag racing",
"drag racing#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "drag racing"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹæɡɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝æɡɪŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔æɡɪŋ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-dragging.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-dragging.ogg/En-us-dragging.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-dragging.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹæɡɪn/",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹæɡən/",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡin/",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡin]",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡin]",
"note": "g-dropping"
}
],
"word": "dragging"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "foot-dragging"
},
{
"word": "frame dragging"
},
{
"word": "knee dragging"
},
{
"word": "knuckle-dragging"
},
{
"word": "van-dragging"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "drag",
"4": "-ing<id:gerund noun>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish drag\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish dragging\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ung\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"dragging\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"dragging\">\nFrom drag + -ing.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish drag\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish dragging\nFrom drag + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "dragging",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"drag",
"ging"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drag"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of drag"
],
"links": [
[
"drag",
"drag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹæɡɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝æɡɪŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔æɡɪŋ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-dragging.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-dragging.ogg/En-us-dragging.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-dragging.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹæɡɪn/",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹæɡən/",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡɪŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡiŋ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹeɪ̯ɡin/",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ɹ̝eɪ̯ɡin]",
"note": "g-dropping"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̠͡ɹ̠˔eɪ̯ɡin]",
"note": "g-dropping"
}
],
"word": "dragging"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dragging meaning in English (10.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.