See downtrodden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "downtroddenly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "downtroddenness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*dountroden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *dountroden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dountreden",
"t": "to tread down, trample"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dountreden (“to tread down, trample”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "trodden"
},
"expansion": "down- + trodden",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *dountroden, past participle of Middle English dountreden (“to tread down, trample”), equivalent to down- + trodden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more downtrodden",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most downtrodden",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "downtrodden (comparative more downtrodden, superlative most downtrodden)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Oppressed, persecuted or subjugated."
],
"id": "en-downtrodden-en-adj-SoQcA72W",
"links": [
[
"Oppressed",
"oppressed"
],
[
"persecuted",
"persecuted"
],
[
"subjugated",
"subjugated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Oppressed, persecuted or subjugated."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "undertrodden"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "əzilən"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "məzlum"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "sıxılan"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "incidilən"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oprimit"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "onderdrukt"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "verdrukt"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "sorrettu"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "poljettu"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brimé"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "écrasé"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opprimé"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "unterdrückt"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dabā-kuclā",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "दबा-कुचला"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "undertrykket"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "oprimat"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "asuprit"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugnetjónnyj",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "угнетённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "claoidhte"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "air sàrachadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "podjarmljen"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "ugnjeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "oprimido"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subyugado"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "nedtryckt"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "förtryckt"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryhnóblenyj",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "пригно́блений"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 54 15 7",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
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"name": "English terms prefixed with down-",
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"_dis": "30 70",
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"_dis": "33 67",
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"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
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{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "31 69",
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"_dis": "33 67",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a patch of downtrodden soil"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Trodden down."
],
"id": "en-downtrodden-en-adj-glAXDOHZ",
"links": [
[
"Trodden",
"trodden"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "vertrapt"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "poljettu"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trodden down",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "écrasé"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "nedtråkket"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastóptannyj",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "расто́птанный"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "breabta"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "air saltradh"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "pogažen"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trodden down",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pisoteado"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "nedtrampad"
}
]
}
],
"word": "downtrodden"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "downtrodden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "downtread"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of downtread"
],
"id": "en-downtrodden-en-verb-4j4LWWXF",
"links": [
[
"downtread",
"downtread#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "downtrod"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of downtrod"
],
"id": "en-downtrodden-en-verb-xpHkow6x",
"links": [
[
"downtrod",
"downtrod#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "downtrodden"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
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"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "downtroddenly"
},
{
"word": "downtroddenness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*dountroden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *dountroden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dountreden",
"t": "to tread down, trample"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dountreden (“to tread down, trample”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "trodden"
},
"expansion": "down- + trodden",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *dountroden, past participle of Middle English dountreden (“to tread down, trample”), equivalent to down- + trodden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more downtrodden",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most downtrodden",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "downtrodden (comparative more downtrodden, superlative most downtrodden)",
"name": "en-adj"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Oppressed, persecuted or subjugated."
],
"links": [
[
"Oppressed",
"oppressed"
],
[
"persecuted",
"persecuted"
],
[
"subjugated",
"subjugated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Oppressed, persecuted or subjugated."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "undertrodden"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a patch of downtrodden soil"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Trodden down."
],
"links": [
[
"Trodden",
"trodden"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "əzilən"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "məzlum"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "sıxılan"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "incidilən"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oprimit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "onderdrukt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "verdrukt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "sorrettu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "poljettu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brimé"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "écrasé"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opprimé"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "unterdrückt"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dabā-kuclā",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "दबा-कुचला"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "undertrykket"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "oprimat"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "asuprit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugnetjónnyj",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "угнетённый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "claoidhte"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "air sàrachadh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "podjarmljen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "ugnjeten"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "oprimido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subyugado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "nedtryckt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "förtryckt"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryhnóblenyj",
"sense": "oppressed, persecuted or subjugated",
"word": "пригно́блений"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "vertrapt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "poljettu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "trodden down",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "écrasé"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "nedtråkket"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastóptannyj",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "расто́птанный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "breabta"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "air saltradh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "pogažen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "trodden down",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pisoteado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "trodden down",
"word": "nedtrampad"
}
],
"word": "downtrodden"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English adjectives ending in -en",
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"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English past participles"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "downtread"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of downtread"
],
"links": [
[
"downtread",
"downtread#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English past participles"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "downtrod"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of downtrod"
],
"links": [
[
"downtrod",
"downtrod#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "downtrodden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for downtrodden meaning in English (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.