See dowdy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dowd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dowdify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dowdily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dowdiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dowdyish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dowdyism"
}
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"etymology_text": "Late 16th century. Origin uncertain: probably literally “little poorly dressed woman,” formed from doue, “poorly dressed woman.”\nPossibly also related to the Scots dow, meaning to \"fade\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dowdier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dowdiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
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"pos": "adj",
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"glosses": [
"Plain and unfashionable in style or dress."
],
"id": "en-dowdy-en-adj-xyvs681m",
"links": [
[
"Plain",
"plain"
],
[
"unfashionable",
"unfashionable"
],
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"dress",
"dress"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "neelegantní"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "staromódní"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "tyylitön"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "vieux jeu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "schäbig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "unelegant"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kakontyménos",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "κακοντυμένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nemódnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "немо́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neelegántnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "неэлега́нтный"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bezvkúsnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "безвку́сный"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "smaklös"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "omodern"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "tarvlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "torftig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "hırpani"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "pejmürde"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "yırtık pırtık"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nemodnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "немодний"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "staromodnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "старомодний"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bez smaku",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "без смаку"
}
]
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{
"_dis": "13 39 29 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "en:Appearance",
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"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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{
"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "[...she was] a perfect saint amongst women, but so dreadfully dowdy that she reminded one of a badly bound hymn-book.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby."
],
"id": "en-dowdy-en-adj-oNenzJV2",
"links": [
[
"stylishness",
"stylishness"
],
[
"neatness",
"neatness"
],
[
"shabby",
"shabby"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "ošuntělý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "tyylitön"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "mauton"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "nuhjuinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "abgetragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "schäbig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "kanukanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neelegántnyj",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "неэлега́нтный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "desastrado"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "sjaskig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "slampig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "lunsig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "eski püskü"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "pejmürde"
}
]
}
],
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{
"enpr": "dou'dē",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊdi/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
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}
],
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"ref": "1877, Truth, volume 1, page 615:",
"text": "Besides these, however, and the determined dowdies, women who either do not understand dress, or who will not be troubled with it, there are certainly many who, while always anxious to appear to the best advantage, are not wealthy enough to do so […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Oscar Wilde, An Ideal Husband:",
"text": "The men are all dowdies and the women are all dandies, aren't they?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"A plain or shabby person."
],
"id": "en-dowdy-en-noun-~5YJGWGL"
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"name": "Cooking",
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"name": "Fashion",
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"Culture",
"Human",
"Society",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 2 1 66",
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"name": "People",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dowdy up"
},
{
"word": "figgy-dowdy"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021, America's Test Kitchen, The Complete Cook’s Country TV Show Cookbook, page 743:",
"text": "Topping the apples with squares of dough allowed steam to escape during baking, preventing the apples from overcooking. Dowdying the crust partway through created the dessert's sweet finish.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To press the crust into the filling during baking, to allow the juices to caramelize on top."
],
"id": "en-dowdy-en-verb-CLVZOOu1",
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[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"filling",
"filling"
],
[
"baking",
"bake"
],
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"caramelize",
"caramelize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, transitive) To press the crust into the filling during baking, to allow the juices to caramelize on top."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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"word": "dowdy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdi",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Appearance",
"en:Fashion",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dowd"
},
{
"word": "dowdify"
},
{
"word": "dowdily"
},
{
"word": "dowdiness"
},
{
"word": "dowdyish"
},
{
"word": "dowdyism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late 16th century. Origin uncertain: probably literally “little poorly dressed woman,” formed from doue, “poorly dressed woman.”\nPossibly also related to the Scots dow, meaning to \"fade\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dowdier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dowdiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "dowdy (comparative dowdier, superlative dowdiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Plain and unfashionable in style or dress."
],
"links": [
[
"Plain",
"plain"
],
[
"unfashionable",
"unfashionable"
],
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"dress",
"dress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "[...she was] a perfect saint amongst women, but so dreadfully dowdy that she reminded one of a badly bound hymn-book.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby."
],
"links": [
[
"stylishness",
"stylishness"
],
[
"neatness",
"neatness"
],
[
"shabby",
"shabby"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dou'dē",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊdi/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊdi"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "neelegantní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "staromódní"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "tyylitön"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "vieux jeu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "schäbig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "unelegant"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kakontyménos",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "κακοντυμένος"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nemódnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "немо́дный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neelegántnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "неэлега́нтный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bezvkúsnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "безвку́сный"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "smaklös"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "omodern"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "tarvlig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "torftig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "hırpani"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "pejmürde"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"word": "yırtık pırtık"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nemodnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "немодний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "staromodnyj",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "старомодний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bez smaku",
"sense": "plain and unfashionable in style or dress",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "без смаку"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "ošuntělý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "tyylitön"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "mauton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "nuhjuinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "abgetragen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "schäbig"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "kanukanu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neelegántnyj",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "неэлега́нтный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "desastrado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "sjaskig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "slampig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "lunsig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "eski püskü"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "lacking stylishness or neatness; shabby",
"word": "pejmürde"
}
],
"word": "dowdy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdi",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Appearance",
"en:Fashion",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late 16th century. Origin uncertain: probably literally “little poorly dressed woman,” formed from doue, “poorly dressed woman.”\nPossibly also related to the Scots dow, meaning to \"fade\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dowdies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dowdy (plural dowdies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, Truth, volume 1, page 615:",
"text": "Besides these, however, and the determined dowdies, women who either do not understand dress, or who will not be troubled with it, there are certainly many who, while always anxious to appear to the best advantage, are not wealthy enough to do so […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Oscar Wilde, An Ideal Husband:",
"text": "The men are all dowdies and the women are all dandies, aren't they?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plain or shabby person."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dou'dē",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊdi/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊdi"
}
],
"word": "dowdy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdi",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdi/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Appearance",
"en:Fashion",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dowdy up"
},
{
"word": "figgy-dowdy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late 16th century. Origin uncertain: probably literally “little poorly dressed woman,” formed from doue, “poorly dressed woman.”\nPossibly also related to the Scots dow, meaning to \"fade\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dowdies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dowdying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dowdied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dowdied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dowdy (third-person singular simple present dowdies, present participle dowdying, simple past and past participle dowdied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Cooking"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021, America's Test Kitchen, The Complete Cook’s Country TV Show Cookbook, page 743:",
"text": "Topping the apples with squares of dough allowed steam to escape during baking, preventing the apples from overcooking. Dowdying the crust partway through created the dessert's sweet finish.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To press the crust into the filling during baking, to allow the juices to caramelize on top."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"filling",
"filling"
],
[
"baking",
"bake"
],
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"caramelize",
"caramelize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, transitive) To press the crust into the filling during baking, to allow the juices to caramelize on top."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "dou'dē",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊdi/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-dowdy.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊdi"
}
],
"word": "dowdy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dowdy meaning in English (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.