"contumacy" meaning in English

{
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        "2": "la",
        "3": "contumacia",
        "4": "contumācia"
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      "expansion": "Latin contumācia",
      "name": "derived"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "contumax",
        "3": "contumāx",
        "4": "refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked"
      },
      "expansion": "contumāx (“refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin contumācia, from contumāx (“refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "contumacies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
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  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "~"
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      "expansion": "contumacy (countable and uncountable, plural contumacies)",
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  "hyphenation": [
    "con‧tu‧ma‧cy"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
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        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "contumacious"
        },
        {
          "word": "contumaciously"
        },
        {
          "word": "contumaciousness"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1641, William Prynne, “The Prologve”, in The Antipathie of the English Lordly Prelacie, both to Regall Monarchy, and Civil Unity: or, An Historicall Collection of the Severall Execrable Treasons, Conspiracies, Rebellions, Seditions, State-schismes, Contumacies, Antimonarchicall Practices, & Oppressions of our English, British, French, Scottish, and Irish Lardly Prelates, against our Kingdomes, Lawes, Liberties; and of the Severall Warres, and Civil Dissentions Occasioned by Them, in or against our Realm, in Former and Latter Ages. … The First Part, volume I, London: Printed by authority for Michael Sparke, senior, →OCLC, page 1",
          "text": "[T]heſe Muſhrome Lords (Spirituall onely in Title, but wholly Temporall in reality), firſt ſprouted up by inſenſible degrees in the Church of Christ; ſo it is moſt infallibly convinced of notorious falſehood, by the multitude of thoſe moſt execrable Treaſons, Treacheries, Conſpiracies, Rebellions, Contumacies, Inſurrections, Seditions, and Anti-Monarchiall practiſes of Lordly Prelates, againſt their Soveraignes, in all ages ſince they grew rich and potent, in all Kingdomes and Churches where they have been admitted; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1726, John Ayliffe, “Of Contumacy, and the Several Kinds thereof”, in Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. Not only from the Books of the Canon and Civil Law, but likewise from the Statute and Common Law of this Realm. …, London: Printed for the author, by D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe in the Middle Temple Cloysters, James and John Knapton in St Paul's Churchyard, Richard Standfast in Westminster-Hall, William and John Innys at the West End of St Paul's, Francis Clay and Daniel Brown without Temple Bar, London, and Simon Martin, bookseller in Leicester, →OCLC, page 196",
          "text": "Persons Judicially cited, are ſometimes wont, by a Non-Appearance in Court, to contemn the Judges Authority; and thereby to render themſelves contumacious: wherefore, I will conſider theſe Perſons under the following heads. […] 2dly, Examine how many Species or Kinds of Contumacy there are. […] The Plaintiff on the Return of a Peremptory Citation ought not to accuſe the Contumacy of the Perſon ſummon'd, otherwiſe he ſhall not be adjudged contumacious.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1839, Broadway Tabernacle Anti-slavery Society, Proceedings of the Session of Broadway Tabernacle, Against Lewis Tappan: With the Action of the Presbytery and General Assembly, New York, N.Y.: [S. W. Benedict]; for sale at No. 43 Nassau Street, →OCLC, page 25",
          "text": "When an accused person, or a witness, refuses to obey a citation, he shall be cited a second time; and if he still continue to refuse, he shall be excluded from the communion of the church for contumacy, until he repent.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1839, John Donne, Henry Alford, “Sermon LXVI. Preached at St. Paul's, January 29, 1625. Psalm lxiii. 7.”, in The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of Saint Paul's, 1621–1631. With a Memoir of His Life. … In Six Volumes, volume III, London: John W. Parker, West Strand, →OCLC, page 164",
          "text": "I know how distasteful to God, contumacy, and contempt, and disobedience to order and authority is; and I know, (and all men, that choose not ignorance, may know) that our excommunications (though calumniators impute them to small things, because, many times, the first complaint is of some small matter) never issue but upon contumacies, contempts, disobediences to the church. But they are real contumacies, not interpretative, apparent contumacies, not presumptive, that excommunicate a man in heaven; and much circumspection is required, and (I am far from doubting it) exercised in those cases upon earth; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1913, [Jean Paul Hippolyte Emmanuel] A[dhémar] Esmein, translated by John Simpson, A History of Continental Criminal Procedure: With Special Reference to France (The Continental Legal History Series; V), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 73",
          "text": "The old law came to recognize a procedure of contumacy, which constitutes a point of departure for our legal system so far as that relates to the doctrine of default, although the procedure has completely changed its aspect in the course of its successive transformations. […] As in the Germanic practice, the procedure by contumacy resulted, not in a condemnation for the act struck at by the prosecution, but in the outlawry of the person guilty of contumacy. Every safeguard given by the law was withdrawn from the person who refused to submit to the law.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Peter M. J. Stravinskas, editor, Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia, rev. edition, Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, page 278",
          "text": "Contumacy · Generally speaking, contumacy is the deliberate disregard for legitimate authority. In canon law, contumacy is discussed in two matters. First, a party to an ecclesiastical case or controversy, though usually the respondent, who willfully and without reason refuses to appear before an ecclesiastical court, or who otherwise withholds necessary cooperation from the court, can be declared absent, that is, contumacious, and thereupon forfeits all or some of his or her rights before the tribunal[…]. The second and rather more common use of contumacy occurs in the matter of ecclesiastical penalties. In this sense, one who, after a warning, refuses to desist from delictual behaviour is considered contumacious, and thereby renders himself liable to censure[…].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Disobedience, resistance to authority."
      ],
      "id": "en-contumacy-en-noun-OGpVM9TE",
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          "Christianity"
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          "law",
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          "Disobedience",
          "disobedience"
        ],
        [
          "resistance",
          "resistance"
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        [
          "authority",
          "authority"
        ]
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Christianity and law) Disobedience, resistance to authority."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "contumely"
        },
        {
          "word": "Contumacy in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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      "topics": [
        "Christianity",
        "law"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "weerbarstigheid"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "uporstvo",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "упорство"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nepodčinenie",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "неподчинение"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ólýdni móti rættinum"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "treiskni"
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        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "tvørlyndi"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "niskoittelu"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "contumace"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "désobéissance"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "Widerspenstigkeit"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "Verstocktheit"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "Gehorsamsverweigerung"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "contumacia"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "indocilità"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "mērēfufukujū",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "命令不服従"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "fujūjun",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "不従順"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "myeongnyeong bulbok",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "명령 불복"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "contumácia"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "teimosia"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "eas-urramachd"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "contumacia"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "word": "gensträvighet"
        },
        {
          "code": "hsb",
          "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spjećiwosć"
        },
        {
          "code": "hsb",
          "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spěrawosć"
        },
        {
          "code": "hsb",
          "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
          "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "přećiwnosć"
        }
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      "wikipedia": [
        "Dictionary of National Biography",
        "Edward I of England",
        "John Balliol",
        "King of Scots",
        "Kingdom of Scotland",
        "Leslie Stephen",
        "Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale",
        "Wars of Scottish Independence",
        "earl of Fife"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɒntjʊməsi/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
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      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contumacy.wav",
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      "tags": [
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      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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  "word": "contumacy"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "contumacious"
    },
    {
      "word": "contumaciously"
    },
    {
      "word": "contumaciousness"
    }
  ],
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "contumacia",
        "4": "contumācia"
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      "expansion": "Latin contumācia",
      "name": "derived"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "contumax",
        "3": "contumāx",
        "4": "refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked"
      },
      "expansion": "contumāx (“refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin contumācia, from contumāx (“refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "contumacies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
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  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
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      "expansion": "contumacy (countable and uncountable, plural contumacies)",
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  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "con‧tu‧ma‧cy"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "contumely"
    },
    {
      "word": "Contumacy in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 4-syllable words",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms suffixed with -cy",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with audio links",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
        "en:Christianity",
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1641, William Prynne, “The Prologve”, in The Antipathie of the English Lordly Prelacie, both to Regall Monarchy, and Civil Unity: or, An Historicall Collection of the Severall Execrable Treasons, Conspiracies, Rebellions, Seditions, State-schismes, Contumacies, Antimonarchicall Practices, & Oppressions of our English, British, French, Scottish, and Irish Lardly Prelates, against our Kingdomes, Lawes, Liberties; and of the Severall Warres, and Civil Dissentions Occasioned by Them, in or against our Realm, in Former and Latter Ages. … The First Part, volume I, London: Printed by authority for Michael Sparke, senior, →OCLC, page 1",
          "text": "[T]heſe Muſhrome Lords (Spirituall onely in Title, but wholly Temporall in reality), firſt ſprouted up by inſenſible degrees in the Church of Christ; ſo it is moſt infallibly convinced of notorious falſehood, by the multitude of thoſe moſt execrable Treaſons, Treacheries, Conſpiracies, Rebellions, Contumacies, Inſurrections, Seditions, and Anti-Monarchiall practiſes of Lordly Prelates, againſt their Soveraignes, in all ages ſince they grew rich and potent, in all Kingdomes and Churches where they have been admitted; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1726, John Ayliffe, “Of Contumacy, and the Several Kinds thereof”, in Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. Not only from the Books of the Canon and Civil Law, but likewise from the Statute and Common Law of this Realm. …, London: Printed for the author, by D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe in the Middle Temple Cloysters, James and John Knapton in St Paul's Churchyard, Richard Standfast in Westminster-Hall, William and John Innys at the West End of St Paul's, Francis Clay and Daniel Brown without Temple Bar, London, and Simon Martin, bookseller in Leicester, →OCLC, page 196",
          "text": "Persons Judicially cited, are ſometimes wont, by a Non-Appearance in Court, to contemn the Judges Authority; and thereby to render themſelves contumacious: wherefore, I will conſider theſe Perſons under the following heads. […] 2dly, Examine how many Species or Kinds of Contumacy there are. […] The Plaintiff on the Return of a Peremptory Citation ought not to accuſe the Contumacy of the Perſon ſummon'd, otherwiſe he ſhall not be adjudged contumacious.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1839, Broadway Tabernacle Anti-slavery Society, Proceedings of the Session of Broadway Tabernacle, Against Lewis Tappan: With the Action of the Presbytery and General Assembly, New York, N.Y.: [S. W. Benedict]; for sale at No. 43 Nassau Street, →OCLC, page 25",
          "text": "When an accused person, or a witness, refuses to obey a citation, he shall be cited a second time; and if he still continue to refuse, he shall be excluded from the communion of the church for contumacy, until he repent.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1839, John Donne, Henry Alford, “Sermon LXVI. Preached at St. Paul's, January 29, 1625. Psalm lxiii. 7.”, in The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of Saint Paul's, 1621–1631. With a Memoir of His Life. … In Six Volumes, volume III, London: John W. Parker, West Strand, →OCLC, page 164",
          "text": "I know how distasteful to God, contumacy, and contempt, and disobedience to order and authority is; and I know, (and all men, that choose not ignorance, may know) that our excommunications (though calumniators impute them to small things, because, many times, the first complaint is of some small matter) never issue but upon contumacies, contempts, disobediences to the church. But they are real contumacies, not interpretative, apparent contumacies, not presumptive, that excommunicate a man in heaven; and much circumspection is required, and (I am far from doubting it) exercised in those cases upon earth; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1913, [Jean Paul Hippolyte Emmanuel] A[dhémar] Esmein, translated by John Simpson, A History of Continental Criminal Procedure: With Special Reference to France (The Continental Legal History Series; V), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 73",
          "text": "The old law came to recognize a procedure of contumacy, which constitutes a point of departure for our legal system so far as that relates to the doctrine of default, although the procedure has completely changed its aspect in the course of its successive transformations. […] As in the Germanic practice, the procedure by contumacy resulted, not in a condemnation for the act struck at by the prosecution, but in the outlawry of the person guilty of contumacy. Every safeguard given by the law was withdrawn from the person who refused to submit to the law.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, Peter M. J. Stravinskas, editor, Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia, rev. edition, Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, page 278",
          "text": "Contumacy · Generally speaking, contumacy is the deliberate disregard for legitimate authority. In canon law, contumacy is discussed in two matters. First, a party to an ecclesiastical case or controversy, though usually the respondent, who willfully and without reason refuses to appear before an ecclesiastical court, or who otherwise withholds necessary cooperation from the court, can be declared absent, that is, contumacious, and thereupon forfeits all or some of his or her rights before the tribunal[…]. The second and rather more common use of contumacy occurs in the matter of ecclesiastical penalties. In this sense, one who, after a warning, refuses to desist from delictual behaviour is considered contumacious, and thereby renders himself liable to censure[…].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Disobedience, resistance to authority."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "Disobedience",
          "disobedience"
        ],
        [
          "resistance",
          "resistance"
        ],
        [
          "authority",
          "authority"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly Christianity and law) Disobedience, resistance to authority."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity",
        "law"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Dictionary of National Biography",
        "Edward I of England",
        "John Balliol",
        "King of Scots",
        "Kingdom of Scotland",
        "Leslie Stephen",
        "Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale",
        "Wars of Scottish Independence",
        "earl of Fife"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɒntjʊməsi/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-contumacy.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contumacy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contumacy.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contumacy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-contumacy.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "weerbarstigheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "uporstvo",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "упорство"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nepodčinenie",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "неподчинение"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ólýdni móti rættinum"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "treiskni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "tvørlyndi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "niskoittelu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "contumace"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "désobéissance"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "Widerspenstigkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "Verstocktheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "Gehorsamsverweigerung"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "contumacia"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "indocilità"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "mērēfufukujū",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "命令不服従"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "fujūjun",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "不従順"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "myeongnyeong bulbok",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "명령 불복"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "contumácia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "teimosia"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "eas-urramachd"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "contumacia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "word": "gensträvighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "hsb",
      "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spjećiwosć"
    },
    {
      "code": "hsb",
      "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spěrawosć"
    },
    {
      "code": "hsb",
      "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
      "sense": "disobedience, resistance to authority",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "přećiwnosć"
    }
  ],
  "word": "contumacy"
}