"cheapness" meaning in English

See cheapness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈtʃiːpnəs/ [UK] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cheapness.wav [Southern-England] Forms: cheapnesses [plural]
Rhymes: -iːpnəs Etymology: Etymology tree English cheap Proto-Germanic *-inōną Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- Proto-Germanic *-atjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *-assuz Proto-Germanic *-inassuz Proto-West Germanic *-nassī Old English -nes Middle English -nesse English -ness English cheapness From cheap + -ness. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|cheap|-ness|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English cheap Proto-Germanic *-inōną Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- Proto-Germanic *-atjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *-assuz Proto-Germanic *-inassuz Proto-West Germanic *-nassī Old English -nes Middle English -nesse English -ness English cheapness [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-atjaną", "lang" : "gem-pro" }, { "id" : "nominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "action noun", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tus", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-þuz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-assuz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-inassuz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*-nassī", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "-nes", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-nesse", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ness", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "cheapness", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="cheapness"> From cheap + -ness. Head templates: {{en-noun|-|+}} cheapness (usually uncountable, plural cheapnesses)
  1. (of a person) The state or character trait of being cheap (stingy). Tags: uncountable, usually Synonyms: frugality, meanness, miserliness, niggardliness, parsimony, stinginess, thriftiness, tightness
    Sense id: en-cheapness-en-noun-en:stinginess Categories (other): English links with manual fragments, English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ness, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 61 6 6 27 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 46 5 5 45 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 46 5 5 45 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 46 5 5 45 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ness: 54 7 8 31 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 64 4 4 28 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 48 4 5 43 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 49 3 3 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 2 2 46 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 49 3 3 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 47 7 8 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 53 6 6 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 52 7 7 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 49 6 7 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 48 6 7 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 50 8 8 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 54 5 5 37 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 49 4 4 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 53 5 6 36
  2. (of a product) The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both). Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-cheapness-en-noun-en:low_quality__low_price__or_both Categories (other): English links with manual fragments
  3. (of a product) The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both).
    Synonym of shoddiness.
    Tags: uncountable, usually Synonyms: shoddiness [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-cheapness-en-noun-en:low_quality__low_price__or_both1 Categories (other): English links with manual fragments
  4. (of a product) The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both).
    Synonym of inexpensiveness; affordability.
    Tags: uncountable, usually Synonyms: inexpensiveness [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-cheapness-en-noun-en:low_quality__low_price__or_both1 Categories (other): English links with manual fragments, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 46 5 5 45 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 46 5 5 45 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 46 5 5 45 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 48 4 5 43 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 49 3 3 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 2 2 46 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 49 3 3 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 49 4 4 43
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (state of being cheap): رُخْص (ruḵṣ) (Arabic), halpuus (english: being low in price) (Finnish), φτήνια (ftínia) (english: low price; low quality) [feminine] (Greek), सस्तापन (sastāpan) [masculine] (Hindi), सस्ताई (sastāī) [feminine] (Hindi), lētums [masculine] (Latvian), اوجوزلق (ucuzluk) (Ottoman Turkish), дешеви́зна (deševízna) [feminine] (Russian), baratura [feminine] (Spanish), ucuzluk (Turkish)
Disambiguation of 'state of being cheap': 31 21 21 27

Inflected forms

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          "text": "Mrs. Jallatt didn't study cheapness, but somehow she generally attained it.",
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        "The state or character trait of being cheap (stingy)."
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        "(of a person) The state or character trait of being cheap (stingy)."
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  "sounds": [
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      "ipa": "/ˈtʃiːpnəs/",
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    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "ruḵṣ",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "word": "رُخْص"
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      "code": "fi",
      "english": "being low in price",
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      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "translation": "being low in price",
      "word": "halpuus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "el",
      "english": "low price; low quality",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "ftínia",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
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      ],
      "translation": "low price; low quality",
      "word": "φτήνια"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "sastāpan",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "सस्तापन"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "sastāī",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सस्ताई"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lētums"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "deševízna",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дешеви́зна"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "baratura"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "word": "ucuzluk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 21 21 27",
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "ucuzluk",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "word": "اوجوزلق"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cheapness"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ness",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Rhymes:English/iːpnəs",
    "Rhymes:English/iːpnəs/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "cheap",
        "4": "-ness",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cheap\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish cheapness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cheapness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cheapness\">\nFrom cheap + -ness.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cheap\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish cheapness\nFrom cheap + -ness.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cheapnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "cheapness (usually uncountable, plural cheapnesses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "text": "His cheapness was legendary; he refused to use candles or lamps, not to reduce the risk of fire but rather to save a penny.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              53,
              62
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1800, Edmond Malone, The Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works of John Dryden:",
          "text": "Her mother, in 1684, retiring with'her daughter, for cheapness, to some place in Surrey, (she does not tell us where,) became acquainted with Dr. Glisson […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              35
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1910, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “The Strategist”, in Reginald in Russia and Other Sketches, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 85:",
          "text": "Mrs. Jallatt didn't study cheapness, but somehow she generally attained it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              92,
              101
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2004, James Keith Elliott, The Collected Biblical Writings of T.C. Skeat:",
          "text": "He was also interested in the cost of book production, as can be seen in his article on the cheapness of papyrus as a writing material.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state or character trait of being cheap (stingy)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "trait",
          "trait#English"
        ],
        [
          "cheap",
          "cheap#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a person) The state or character trait of being cheap (stingy)."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a person"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:stinginess"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "frugality"
        },
        {
          "word": "meanness"
        },
        {
          "word": "miserliness"
        },
        {
          "word": "niggardliness"
        },
        {
          "word": "parsimony"
        },
        {
          "word": "stinginess"
        },
        {
          "word": "thriftiness"
        },
        {
          "word": "tightness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              195,
              204
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 July 26, Pip Dunn, “Merseyrail '777s' are OK for passengers”, in RAIL, number 988, page 60:",
          "text": "It seems to me that whoever at the Department of Transport or the train operating companies, or both, is specifying the standard of seats these days has taken leave of their senses and opted for cheapness over comfort.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic#English"
        ],
        [
          "cheap",
          "cheap#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a product) The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both)."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a product"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:low quality, low price, or both"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "text": "The cheapness of the manufacturing is insulting. [the product is poorly made]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both).",
        "Synonym of shoddiness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic#English"
        ],
        [
          "cheap",
          "cheap#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "shoddiness",
          "shoddiness#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a product) The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both).",
        "Synonym of shoddiness."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a product"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:low quality, low price, or both",
        "en:shoddiness"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "shoddiness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "text": "The cheapness of the offerings is amazing. [the prices are surprisingly good]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both).",
        "Synonym of inexpensiveness; affordability."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic#English"
        ],
        [
          "cheap",
          "cheap#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "inexpensiveness",
          "inexpensiveness#English"
        ],
        [
          "affordability",
          "affordability"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of a product) The state or characteristic of being cheap (whether inexpensive, poorly made, or both).",
        "Synonym of inexpensiveness; affordability."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a product"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:low quality, low price, or both",
        "en:affordability"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "affordability",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "inexpensiveness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtʃiːpnəs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cheapness.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cheapness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cheapness.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cheapness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cheapness.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːpnəs"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "ruḵṣ",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "word": "رُخْص"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "being low in price",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "translation": "being low in price",
      "word": "halpuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "english": "low price; low quality",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "ftínia",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "translation": "low price; low quality",
      "word": "φτήνια"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "sastāpan",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "सस्तापन"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "sastāī",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "सस्ताई"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lētums"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "deševízna",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "дешеви́зна"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "baratura"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "word": "ucuzluk"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "ucuzluk",
      "sense": "state of being cheap",
      "word": "اوجوزلق"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cheapness"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cheapness meaning in English (10.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''The state or characteristic of'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "cheapness"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cheapness",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.