See carbonado in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for carbonado meaning in English (21.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "carbonada",
"t": "carbonized"
},
"expansion": "Spanish carbonada (“carbonized”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "carbonar",
"t": "to carbonize"
},
"expansion": "carbonar (“to carbonize”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participles"
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"expansion": "participles",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "verbs"
},
"expansion": "verbs",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "-ado",
"pos": "suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar"
},
"expansion": "-ado (suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "carbonata",
"t": "coal pile; stew of beef in red wine"
},
"expansion": "Italian carbonata (“coal pile; stew of beef in red wine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "carbone",
"t": "coal; charcoal"
},
"expansion": "carbone (“coal; charcoal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "carbō",
"t": "coal; charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-ata"
},
"expansion": "-ata",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Spanish carbonada (“carbonized”) (from carbonar (“to carbonize”)) + -ado (suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar). Carbonada appears to have been modelled after Italian carbonata (“coal pile; stew of beef in red wine”), from carbone (“coal; charcoal”) (from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”)) + -ata.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carbonados",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "carbonado (plural carbonados or carbonadoes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧bon‧a‧do"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "en:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 27 12 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "en:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1861, William Harrison Ainsworth, “The Constable of the Tower. An Historical Romance.”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XLIX, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book I, chapter XIX (Pulvis Pulveri, Cinis Cineri), page 390",
"text": "Our giants again found their way to the larder, and broke theirfast with collops, rashers, carbonados, a shield of brawn and mustard, and a noble sirloin of beef, making sad havoc with the latter, and washing down the viands with copious draughts of humming ale.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1867, John Timbs, “The English Housewife”, in Nooks and Corners of English Life, Past and Present, 2nd edition, London: Griffith and Farran, (successors to Newbery and Harris,) […], →OCLC, page 163",
"text": "The carbonadoes consisted of any meat scotched on both sides and sprinkled with seasonings in various combinations, and then either broiled over the fire or before it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Rose Tremain, “Wedding Games”, in Restoration: A Novel, London: Hamish Hamilton; republished London: Random House, 2010",
"text": "With a quick sweep of my eye, I see fricassées, steamed bass and poached salmon, roast snipe, peacock, teal, mallard and quail, game pies and carbonados, tarts of marrowbone, neats' tongues, venison pasties, baked guinea fowl, compound salads, dishes of cream, quinces, comfits and marzipans, preserves, cheeses and fruits.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Meat or fish that has been scored and broiled."
],
"id": "en-carbonado-en-noun-s8GxjZPK",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"Meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish#Noun"
],
[
"scored",
"score#Verb"
],
[
"broiled",
"broil#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, dated) Meat or fish that has been scored and broiled."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carbonade"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbanátek"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbonade"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "carbonade"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbonade"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbonaad"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carbonade"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carbonnade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karbonád",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "карбона́д"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "carbonado"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "carbonada",
"t": "carbonized"
},
"expansion": "Spanish carbonada (“carbonized”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "carbonar",
"t": "to carbonize"
},
"expansion": "carbonar (“to carbonize”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "past"
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"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
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{
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"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "verbs"
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"expansion": "verbs",
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{
"args": {
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"pos": "suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar"
},
"expansion": "-ado (suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "carbonata",
"t": "coal pile; stew of beef in red wine"
},
"expansion": "Italian carbonata (“coal pile; stew of beef in red wine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "carbone",
"t": "coal; charcoal"
},
"expansion": "carbone (“coal; charcoal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "carbō",
"t": "coal; charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "-ata"
},
"expansion": "-ata",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Spanish carbonada (“carbonized”) (from carbonar (“to carbonize”)) + -ado (suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar). Carbonada appears to have been modelled after Italian carbonata (“coal pile; stew of beef in red wine”), from carbone (“coal; charcoal”) (from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”)) + -ata.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carbonados",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "carbonado (third-person singular simple present carbonados, present participle carbonadoing, simple past and past participle carbonadoed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧bon‧a‧do"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1675, William Rabisha, “Book IX. Contains Hash, Stewed, Broyled and Carbonadoed Meats.”, in The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected: [ […] Whereunto is Annexed a Second Part of Rare Receipts of Cookery within Certain Useful Traditions. With a Book of Preserving, Conserving and Candying, after the Most Exquisite and Newest Manner: Delectable for Ladies and Gentlewomen.\">…], 2nd edition, London: Printed for E. C. [a]nd are to be sold by Francis Smith, […], →OCLC, page 94",
"text": "To Carbonado Veal. Take a breaſt of Veal, lard it very thick with bacon, and when it is boyled, Carbonado it long, and croſs-wayes; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a carbonado of; to score and broil."
],
"id": "en-carbonado-en-verb-xySPT~bx",
"links": [
[
"carbonado",
"#Noun"
],
[
"score",
"score#Verb"
],
[
"broil",
"broil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, dated, also figuratively) To make a carbonado of; to score and broil."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"dated",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832 October 27, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, Derwent Coleridge, “Tales out of School. A Dropt Letter from a Lady.”, in The Poems of Winthrop Mackworth Praed, […]. In Two Volumes, 4th edition, volume II, London: E[dward] Moxon, Son & Co., […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 217",
"text": "In Moscow, a Count carbonadoes\nHis ignorant serfs with the knout;\n[…]\nBut Eton has crueller terrors\nThan these,—in the Windsor Express.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or hack, as in combat."
],
"id": "en-carbonado-en-verb-HlwX3Dne",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut#Verb"
],
[
"hack",
"hack#Verb"
],
[
"combat",
"combat#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To cut or hack, as in combat."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "slash"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "carbonado"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pt",
"3": "carbonado",
"t": "carbonized"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese carbonado (“carbonized”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "carbono",
"t": "carbon"
},
"expansion": "carbono (“carbon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "-ado",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives from nouns meaning ‘something or someone who has suffered the action’"
},
"expansion": "-ado (suffix forming adjectives from nouns meaning ‘something or someone who has suffered the action’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "carbone",
"t": "carbon"
},
"expansion": "French carbone (“carbon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "carbō",
"t": "coal; charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Portuguese carbonado (“carbonized”), probably from carbono (“carbon”) (currently only attested later than carbonado) + -ado (suffix forming adjectives from nouns meaning ‘something or someone who has suffered the action’). Carbono is borrowed from French carbone (“carbon”), from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”); for further derivation, see etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carbonados",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "carbonado (plural carbonados or carbonadoes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧bon‧a‧do"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Minerals",
"orig": "en:Minerals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Mineralogy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Geology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Earth sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 54 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 73 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Allotropes of carbon",
"orig": "en:Allotropes of carbon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 79 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Minerals",
"orig": "en:Minerals",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Mineralogy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Geology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Earth sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "ballas"
},
{
"word": "boart"
},
{
"word": "bort"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873 October, “Some New Facts Concerning the Diamond”, in William Crookes, editor, The Quarterly Journal of Science, and Annals of Mining, Metallurgy, Engineering, Industrial Arts, Manufactures, and Technology, volume III (New Series; volume X overall), London: Offices of the Quarterly Journal of Science, 3, Horse-shoe Court, Ludgate Hill; Paris: Friedrich Klincksieck; Leipzg: Alfons Dürr, →OCLC, page 439",
"text": "At present, equal attention is paid to irregular fragments of a blackish or greyish colour, occasionally of considerable size, also yielded by the washings of diamandiferous sand, which formerly passed unregarded. These fragments are now carefully colected, and have acquired some considerable value in commerce, where they are known under the name of carbonado or carbon. […] An examination of these numerous varieties has made it evident that between carbonado of a simply micro-crystalline texture, and the diamond regularly crystallised in diaphanous octahedrons, there exists an uninterrupted series of intermediate conditions.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1928 January, Orville H. Kneen, “Gems that Work for a Living: Black Diamonds, the Most Precious Stones on Earth, Put to Curious Industrial Uses”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume 112, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 133, column 1",
"text": "Brazil's carbonadoes are indispensable today for the speedy cutting of hard rubber, bakelite and fiber compounds. Their absolute precision is especially valuable in turning such instruments as high-power telescopes and microscope tubes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1974, Ye. V. Frantsesson, F. V. Kaminskiy, “Carbonado, a Diamond Variety of Nonkimberlitic Origin”, in Doklady: Earth Science Sections, Falls Church, Va.: American Geological Institute, →OCLC, page 117",
"text": "Carbonado, the granular variety of diamond, is a porous micro- or cryptocrystalline aggregate, composed of anhedral grains and crystallites of octahedral or, less commonly, cubic habit that range in size from 0.5 to 50 nm.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Wolf Uwe Reimold et al., “Economic Mineral Deposits in Impact Structures: A Review”, in Christian Koeberl, Herbert Henkel, editors, Impact Tectonics (Impact Studies), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISSN, section 3.2 (The Carbonado Conundrum), page 505",
"text": "Carbonados are polycrystalline diamond aggregates of generally irregular shapes that have been observed in placer deposits and low-grade metamorphic rocks of mainly Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, Venezuela, and the Central African Republic. […] Smith and Dawson (1985), consequently, suggested that carbonados could have been formed as a consequence of Precambrian impact events into carbon-bearing crustal rocks. All other traces of these impacts and the related impact structures apparently have been eroded, and only the carbonados had survived erosion and were then incorporated into sedimentary rocks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling."
],
"id": "en-carbonado-en-noun-Rn8xNJNc",
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"non-transparent",
"nontransparent"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"polycrystalline",
"polycrystalline"
],
[
"diamond",
"diamond"
],
[
"graphite",
"graphite"
],
[
"amorphous",
"amorphous"
],
[
"carbon",
"carbon"
],
[
"drilling",
"drilling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "black diamond"
}
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "黑鑽石"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hēizuànshí",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "黑钻石"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonado"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "Carbonado"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "קרבונדו"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "カーボナード"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qarbonado",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "қарбонадо"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kareubonadu",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "카르보나두"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonādo"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karbonádo",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "карбона́до"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karbonado",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "карбонадо"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
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},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "carbonado"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Portuguese",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Portuguese",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ker-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"en:Allotropes of carbon",
"en:Meats",
"en:Minerals"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "carbonada",
"t": "carbonized"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "carbonar",
"t": "to carbonize"
},
"expansion": "carbonar (“to carbonize”)",
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{
"args": {
"1": "past"
},
"expansion": "past",
"name": "glossary"
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{
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"args": {
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "carbonata",
"t": "coal pile; stew of beef in red wine"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "carbone",
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},
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"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
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},
{
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Spanish carbonada (“carbonized”) (from carbonar (“to carbonize”)) + -ado (suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar). Carbonada appears to have been modelled after Italian carbonata (“coal pile; stew of beef in red wine”), from carbone (“coal; charcoal”) (from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”)) + -ata.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carbonados",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Cooking"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1861, William Harrison Ainsworth, “The Constable of the Tower. An Historical Romance.”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XLIX, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book I, chapter XIX (Pulvis Pulveri, Cinis Cineri), page 390",
"text": "Our giants again found their way to the larder, and broke theirfast with collops, rashers, carbonados, a shield of brawn and mustard, and a noble sirloin of beef, making sad havoc with the latter, and washing down the viands with copious draughts of humming ale.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1867, John Timbs, “The English Housewife”, in Nooks and Corners of English Life, Past and Present, 2nd edition, London: Griffith and Farran, (successors to Newbery and Harris,) […], →OCLC, page 163",
"text": "The carbonadoes consisted of any meat scotched on both sides and sprinkled with seasonings in various combinations, and then either broiled over the fire or before it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Rose Tremain, “Wedding Games”, in Restoration: A Novel, London: Hamish Hamilton; republished London: Random House, 2010",
"text": "With a quick sweep of my eye, I see fricassées, steamed bass and poached salmon, roast snipe, peacock, teal, mallard and quail, game pies and carbonados, tarts of marrowbone, neats' tongues, venison pasties, baked guinea fowl, compound salads, dishes of cream, quinces, comfits and marzipans, preserves, cheeses and fruits.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Meat or fish that has been scored and broiled."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"Meat",
"meat"
],
[
"fish",
"fish#Noun"
],
[
"scored",
"score#Verb"
],
[
"broiled",
"broil#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking, dated) Meat or fish that has been scored and broiled."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carbonade"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/",
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]
},
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{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbanátek"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbonade"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "carbonade"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbonade"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"word": "karbonaad"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carbonade"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carbonnade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karbonád",
"sense": "meat or fish that has been scored and broiled",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "карбона́д"
}
],
"word": "carbonado"
}
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Portuguese",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Portuguese",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ker-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
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{
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},
{
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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{
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},
{
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},
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}
],
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"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoing",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoed",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1675, William Rabisha, “Book IX. Contains Hash, Stewed, Broyled and Carbonadoed Meats.”, in The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected: [ […] Whereunto is Annexed a Second Part of Rare Receipts of Cookery within Certain Useful Traditions. With a Book of Preserving, Conserving and Candying, after the Most Exquisite and Newest Manner: Delectable for Ladies and Gentlewomen.\">…], 2nd edition, London: Printed for E. C. [a]nd are to be sold by Francis Smith, […], →OCLC, page 94",
"text": "To Carbonado Veal. Take a breaſt of Veal, lard it very thick with bacon, and when it is boyled, Carbonado it long, and croſs-wayes; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a carbonado of; to score and broil."
],
"links": [
[
"carbonado",
"#Noun"
],
[
"score",
"score#Verb"
],
[
"broil",
"broil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, dated, also figuratively) To make a carbonado of; to score and broil."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"dated",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832 October 27, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, Derwent Coleridge, “Tales out of School. A Dropt Letter from a Lady.”, in The Poems of Winthrop Mackworth Praed, […]. In Two Volumes, 4th edition, volume II, London: E[dward] Moxon, Son & Co., […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 217",
"text": "In Moscow, a Count carbonadoes\nHis ignorant serfs with the knout;\n[…]\nBut Eton has crueller terrors\nThan these,—in the Windsor Express.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or hack, as in combat."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut#Verb"
],
[
"hack",
"hack#Verb"
],
[
"combat",
"combat#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To cut or hack, as in combat."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "slash"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
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"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"word": "carbonado"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "ballas"
},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "carbone",
"t": "carbon"
},
"expansion": "French carbone (“carbon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "carbō",
"t": "coal; charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Portuguese carbonado (“carbonized”), probably from carbono (“carbon”) (currently only attested later than carbonado) + -ado (suffix forming adjectives from nouns meaning ‘something or someone who has suffered the action’). Carbono is borrowed from French carbone (“carbon”), from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”); for further derivation, see etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carbonados",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carbonadoes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "es"
},
"expansion": "carbonado (plural carbonados or carbonadoes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"car‧bon‧a‧do"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Minerals"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873 October, “Some New Facts Concerning the Diamond”, in William Crookes, editor, The Quarterly Journal of Science, and Annals of Mining, Metallurgy, Engineering, Industrial Arts, Manufactures, and Technology, volume III (New Series; volume X overall), London: Offices of the Quarterly Journal of Science, 3, Horse-shoe Court, Ludgate Hill; Paris: Friedrich Klincksieck; Leipzg: Alfons Dürr, →OCLC, page 439",
"text": "At present, equal attention is paid to irregular fragments of a blackish or greyish colour, occasionally of considerable size, also yielded by the washings of diamandiferous sand, which formerly passed unregarded. These fragments are now carefully colected, and have acquired some considerable value in commerce, where they are known under the name of carbonado or carbon. […] An examination of these numerous varieties has made it evident that between carbonado of a simply micro-crystalline texture, and the diamond regularly crystallised in diaphanous octahedrons, there exists an uninterrupted series of intermediate conditions.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1928 January, Orville H. Kneen, “Gems that Work for a Living: Black Diamonds, the Most Precious Stones on Earth, Put to Curious Industrial Uses”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume 112, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 133, column 1",
"text": "Brazil's carbonadoes are indispensable today for the speedy cutting of hard rubber, bakelite and fiber compounds. Their absolute precision is especially valuable in turning such instruments as high-power telescopes and microscope tubes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1974, Ye. V. Frantsesson, F. V. Kaminskiy, “Carbonado, a Diamond Variety of Nonkimberlitic Origin”, in Doklady: Earth Science Sections, Falls Church, Va.: American Geological Institute, →OCLC, page 117",
"text": "Carbonado, the granular variety of diamond, is a porous micro- or cryptocrystalline aggregate, composed of anhedral grains and crystallites of octahedral or, less commonly, cubic habit that range in size from 0.5 to 50 nm.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Wolf Uwe Reimold et al., “Economic Mineral Deposits in Impact Structures: A Review”, in Christian Koeberl, Herbert Henkel, editors, Impact Tectonics (Impact Studies), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISSN, section 3.2 (The Carbonado Conundrum), page 505",
"text": "Carbonados are polycrystalline diamond aggregates of generally irregular shapes that have been observed in placer deposits and low-grade metamorphic rocks of mainly Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, Venezuela, and the Central African Republic. […] Smith and Dawson (1985), consequently, suggested that carbonados could have been formed as a consequence of Precambrian impact events into carbon-bearing crustal rocks. All other traces of these impacts and the related impact structures apparently have been eroded, and only the carbonados had survived erosion and were then incorporated into sedimentary rocks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling."
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"non-transparent",
"nontransparent"
],
[
"impure",
"impure"
],
[
"polycrystalline",
"polycrystalline"
],
[
"diamond",
"diamond"
],
[
"graphite",
"graphite"
],
[
"amorphous",
"amorphous"
],
[
"carbon",
"carbon"
],
[
"drilling",
"drilling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "black diamond"
}
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˈnɑː-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carbonado1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado1.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carbonado2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carbonado2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "黑鑽石"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hēizuànshí",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "黑钻石"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonado"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "Carbonado"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "קרבונדו"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "カーボナード"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qarbonado",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "қарбонадо"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kareubonadu",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "카르보나두"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonādo"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "karbonado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karbonádo",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "карбона́до"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carbonado"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karbonado",
"sense": "impure form of polycrystalline diamond",
"word": "карбонадо"
}
],
"word": "carbonado"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.