"backshift" meaning in English

See backshift in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: backshifts [plural]
Etymology: From back + shift. Etymology templates: {{compound|en|back|shift}} back + shift Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} backshift (countable and uncountable, plural backshifts)
  1. (grammar) The changing of the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Grammar
    Sense id: en-backshift-en-noun-W2K27Qr7 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  2. (statistics) A function on a stochastic process whose value on any random variable is the preceding random variable in the process. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Statistics
    Sense id: en-backshift-en-noun-fZOutmYf Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 18 62 20 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 19 61 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 63 19 Topics: mathematics, sciences, statistics

Verb

Forms: backshifts [present, singular, third-person], backshifting [participle, present], backshifted [participle, past], backshifted [past]
Etymology: From back + shift. Etymology templates: {{compound|en|back|shift}} back + shift Head templates: {{en-verb}} backshift (third-person singular simple present backshifts, present participle backshifting, simple past and past participle backshifted)
  1. (grammar, transitive) To change the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech. Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Grammar
    Sense id: en-backshift-en-verb-MGGaumVy Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Inflected forms

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  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "back",
        "3": "shift"
      },
      "expansion": "back + shift",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From back + shift.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "backshifts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
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      "expansion": "backshift (countable and uncountable, plural backshifts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "en:Grammar",
          "parents": [
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            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The changing of the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
      ],
      "id": "en-backshift-en-noun-W2K27Qr7",
      "links": [
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          "grammar",
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        [
          "present",
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        ],
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ],
        [
          "reported speech",
          "reported speech"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) The changing of the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
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      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
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          "orig": "en:Statistics",
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            "Mathematics",
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            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 62 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 61 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 63 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A function on a stochastic process whose value on any random variable is the preceding random variable in the process."
      ],
      "id": "en-backshift-en-noun-fZOutmYf",
      "links": [
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          "statistics",
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        [
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        [
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        [
          "random variable",
          "random variable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(statistics) A function on a stochastic process whose value on any random variable is the preceding random variable in the process."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "statistics"
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    }
  ],
  "word": "backshift"
}

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        "2": "back",
        "3": "shift"
      },
      "expansion": "back + shift",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From back + shift.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "backshifts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backshifting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backshifted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backshifted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
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  ],
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
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      "categories": [
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          "kind": "topical",
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            "Sciences",
            "Society",
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            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To change the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
      ],
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        ],
        [
          "past",
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        ],
        [
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          "reported speech"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar, transitive) To change the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "backshift"
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{
  "categories": [
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    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
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    "English phrasal nouns",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "From back + shift.",
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    }
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  "head_templates": [
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        "The changing of the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
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          "grammar",
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          "tense",
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        "(grammar) The changing of the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
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        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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        "human-sciences",
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    },
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        "en:Statistics"
      ],
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        "A function on a stochastic process whose value on any random variable is the preceding random variable in the process."
      ],
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        [
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        "(statistics) A function on a stochastic process whose value on any random variable is the preceding random variable in the process."
      ],
      "tags": [
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      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "statistics"
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    }
  ],
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}

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  "categories": [
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    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
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    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "From back + shift.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "backshifts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backshifting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
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      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backshifted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "backshifted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
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  ],
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        "To change the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
      ],
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          "tense",
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        "(grammar, transitive) To change the tense of a verb from present to past in reported speech."
      ],
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      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
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}

Download raw JSONL data for backshift meaning in English (3.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (eaa6b66 and a709d4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.