"alula" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*h₂eǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_drive"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂eḱs-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱs-"
    ],
    [
      "*aksis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/aksis"
    ],
    [
      "axis",
      "axis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*axla",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/axla"
    ],
    [
      "ala",
      "ala#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-lós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-elos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ulus",
      "-ulus#Latin:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ula",
      "-ula#Latin:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ula",
      "-ula#English"
    ],
    [
      "ala",
      "ala#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ula",
      "-ula#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "la:ala<t:wing>",
        "4": "-ula",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-der.\nProto-Italic *aksis\nLatin axis\nLatin *axla\nLatin ala\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\nEnglish alula\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱs-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*aksis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"axis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"*axla\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ala\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"alula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"alula\">\nFrom Latin ala (“wing”) + English -ula.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-der.\nProto-Italic *aksis\nLatin axis\nLatin *axla\nLatin ala\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\nEnglish alula\nFrom Latin ala (“wing”) + English -ula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alulae",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alulas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alulae",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "alula (plural alulae or alulas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "from 18th c.",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ornithology",
          "orig": "en:Ornithology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
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          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 14 25 18 27 3 3",
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        },
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "alular"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              188,
              193
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2021, Peter Cavanagh, “Preface”, in 100 Flying Birds: Photographing the Mechanics of Flight, →ISBN, page 10:",
          "text": "More recently, the upturned wing tips of jet aircraft mimic the \"fingers\" of birds' terminal primary feathers, and the slotted leading edges of aircraft wings are directly copied from the alula (\"thumb\" wings) in birds.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              46,
              51
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2017 June 28, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian:",
          "text": "On the wing, even the tiny “thumb feather” or alula can be seen.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small projection of three or four feathers on the first digit of the wing on some birds."
      ],
      "id": "en-alula-en-noun-bGV8TytY",
      "links": [
        [
          "ornithology",
          "ornithology"
        ],
        [
          "projection",
          "projection"
        ],
        [
          "digit",
          "digit"
        ],
        [
          "wing",
          "wing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ornithology) A small projection of three or four feathers on the first digit of the wing on some birds."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bastard wing"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "ornithology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæljuːlə/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-alula.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-alula.ogg/En-us-alula.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-alula.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "alula"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "ʻŌlulu",
      "ʻŌlulu#Hawaiian"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "haw:ʻŌlulu",
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      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hawaiian\", \"term\" : \"ʻŌlulu\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"haw\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"alula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"alula\">\nBorrowed from Hawaiian ʻŌlulu.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hawaiian ʻŌlulu.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alulas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "alula (plural alulas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
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        {
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 14 25 18 27 3 3",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Asterales order plants",
          "orig": "en:Asterales order plants",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A flower, a species of Hawaiian lobelioid."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "word": "Brighamia"
        },
        {
          "word": "lobelioid"
        },
        {
          "word": "Hawaiian lobelioid"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-alula-en-noun-9W64CK67",
      "links": [
        [
          "lobelioid",
          "lobelioid"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "vulcan palm"
        },
        {
          "word": "cabbage on a stick"
        },
        {
          "word": "Brighamia insignis"
        },
        {
          "word": "B. insignis"
        },
        {
          "word": "insignis"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "alula"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English palindromes",
    "English terms borrowed from Hawaiian",
    "English terms derived from Hawaiian",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ- (drive)",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱs-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ula",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "en:Asterales order plants"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "alular"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*h₂eǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_drive"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂eḱs-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eḱs-"
    ],
    [
      "*aksis",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/aksis"
    ],
    [
      "axis",
      "axis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*axla",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/axla"
    ],
    [
      "ala",
      "ala#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*-lós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-elos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ulus",
      "-ulus#Latin:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ula",
      "-ula#Latin:_diminutive"
    ],
    [
      "-ula",
      "-ula#English"
    ],
    [
      "ala",
      "ala#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ula",
      "-ula#English"
    ]
  ],
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "la:ala<t:wing>",
        "4": "-ula",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-der.\nProto-Italic *aksis\nLatin axis\nLatin *axla\nLatin ala\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\nEnglish alula\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eḱs-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*aksis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"axis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"*axla\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ala\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"alula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"alula\">\nFrom Latin ala (“wing”) + English -ula.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-der.\nProto-Italic *aksis\nLatin axis\nLatin *axla\nLatin ala\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLatin -ulabor.\nEnglish -ula\nEnglish alula\nFrom Latin ala (“wing”) + English -ula.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alulae",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alulas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "attestations": [
        {
          "date": "from 18th c.",
          "references": []
        }
      ],
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        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Ornithology"
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            [
              188,
              193
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2021, Peter Cavanagh, “Preface”, in 100 Flying Birds: Photographing the Mechanics of Flight, →ISBN, page 10:",
          "text": "More recently, the upturned wing tips of jet aircraft mimic the \"fingers\" of birds' terminal primary feathers, and the slotted leading edges of aircraft wings are directly copied from the alula (\"thumb\" wings) in birds.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
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            [
              46,
              51
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2017 June 28, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian:",
          "text": "On the wing, even the tiny “thumb feather” or alula can be seen.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small projection of three or four feathers on the first digit of the wing on some birds."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ornithology",
          "ornithology"
        ],
        [
          "projection",
          "projection"
        ],
        [
          "digit",
          "digit"
        ],
        [
          "wing",
          "wing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ornithology) A small projection of three or four feathers on the first digit of the wing on some birds."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "ornithology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæljuːlə/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-alula.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-alula.ogg/En-us-alula.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-alula.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bastard wing"
    }
  ],
  "word": "alula"
}

{
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    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English palindromes",
    "English terms borrowed from Hawaiian",
    "English terms derived from Hawaiian",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "en:Asterales order plants"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "ʻŌlulu",
      "ʻŌlulu#Hawaiian"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hawaiian\", \"term\" : \"ʻŌlulu\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"haw\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"alula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"alula\">\nBorrowed from Hawaiian ʻŌlulu.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hawaiian ʻŌlulu.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "alulas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "alula (plural alulas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "word": "Brighamia"
    },
    {
      "word": "lobelioid"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hawaiian lobelioid"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A flower, a species of Hawaiian lobelioid."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lobelioid",
          "lobelioid"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vulcan palm"
    },
    {
      "word": "cabbage on a stick"
    },
    {
      "word": "Brighamia insignis"
    },
    {
      "word": "B. insignis"
    },
    {
      "word": "insignis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "alula"
}