See Spiritism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)peys-der.?\nLatin spīrō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin spīritus\nOld French espiritbor.\nMiddle English spirit\nEnglish spirit\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\n▲\nFrench spiritismecalq.\nEnglish Spiritism\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"breathe\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)peys-\", \"gloss\" : \"to breathe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīrō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīritus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"espirit\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"spirit\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spirit\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ισμός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"calq.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Calque of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"spiritisme\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"calque\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Spiritism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Spiritism\">\nFrom spirit + -ism. Calque of French spiritisme.",
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"A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world."
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{
"code": "cmn",
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"word": "spiritismus"
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"word": "spiritisme"
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"word": "spiritisme"
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"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismo"
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"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismi"
},
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritisme"
},
{
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"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
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],
"word": "Spiritismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "pnevmatismós",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "πνευματισμός"
},
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"lang_code": "is",
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},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spioradachas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "スピリティズム"
},
{
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"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismus"
},
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"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritisme"
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"lang_code": "pl",
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"word": "spirytyzm"
},
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)peys-der.?\nLatin spīrō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin spīritus\nOld French espiritbor.\nMiddle English spirit\nEnglish spirit\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\n▲\nFrench spiritismecalq.\nEnglish Spiritism\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"breathe\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)peys-\", \"gloss\" : \"to breathe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīrō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīritus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"espirit\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"spirit\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"spirit\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ισμός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"calq.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Calque of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"spiritisme\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"calque\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Spiritism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Spiritism\">\nFrom spirit + -ism. Calque of French spiritisme.",
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"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)peys-der.?\nLatin spīrō\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Italic *-tus\nLatin -tus\nLatin spīritus\nOld French espiritbor.\nMiddle English spirit\nEnglish spirit\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\n▲\nFrench spiritismecalq.\nEnglish Spiritism\nFrom spirit + -ism. Calque of French spiritisme.",
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"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Philosophy",
"en:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world."
],
"links": [
[
"philosophical",
"philosophical"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "espiritisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tōnglíngshù",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "通靈術 /通灵术"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wéilínglùn",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "唯靈論 /唯灵论"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritisme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritisme"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritisme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Spiritismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "pnevmatismós",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "πνευματισμός"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spíritismi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spioradachas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "スピリティズム"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritismus"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritisme"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spirytyzm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "espiritismo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "spiritizm",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "спиритизм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "spiritizam"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "espiritismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritism"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "spiritizm"
},
{
"alt": "說通靈",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "thuyết thông linh"
},
{
"alt": "通靈論",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "philosophical doctrine",
"word": "thông linh luận"
}
],
"word": "Spiritism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Spiritism meaning in English (10.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.