See Counter-Reformation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"text": "Ranke [Leopold von Ranke] also popularized the term \"Counter-Reformation.\" He initially used this term in the plural (Gegenreformationen, Counter-Reformations). Roman Catholic historians took umbrage because this implied — and frequently stated — the historical and theological priority of the Protestant Reformation to which Catholicism then reacted. \"The expression seemed to interpret the recovery of the Catholic Church merely as a counteraction to the schism and seemed to imply the use of force in religious matters\" (Iserloh et al. 1986: 431). The Catholic scholar John Bossy (1985:91) would just as soon drop the term Reformation altogether because \"it goes along too easily with the notion that a bad form of Christianity was being replaced by a good one.\" Indeed, earlier Roman Catholic historians generally used the term \"religious schism\" (Glaubensspaltung) rather than Reformation to designate this period. In short, terms are not always innocent of values and problems. Yet without terms and periodizations it would be impossible to provide a coherent drama of complex changes.",
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"text": "The Counter-Reformation was originally the creation of modern historians. The negative view, adopted by nineteenth-century German, and essentially Protestant, scholars, of those developments in Western Christendom which were opposed to the sixteenth-century Reformation, was characterized by the term ‘anti-Reformation’.",
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"code": "cmn",
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"lang_code": "cmn",
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"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
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"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"word": "კონტრრეფორმაცია"
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"code": "cmn",
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"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Fǎn Zōngjiàogǎigé",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"word": "反宗教改革"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
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{
"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "contrareformatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
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"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"word": "vastauskonpuhdistus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
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"roman": "ḳonṭrrepormacia",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"word": "კონტრრეფორმაცია"
},
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"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
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"word": "Gegenreformation"
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{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "antimetarrýthmisi",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αντιμεταρρύθμιση"
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{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"word": "ellenreformáció"
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{
"code": "it",
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"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
"tags": [
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"word": "kontrreformacja"
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"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
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"sense": "period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation",
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Download raw JSONL data for Counter-Reformation meaning in English (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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