"kapel" meaning in Dutch

See kapel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kaːˈpɛl/ Audio: Nl-kapel.ogg Forms: kapellen [plural], kapelletje [diminutive, neuter]
Rhymes: -ɛl Etymology: From Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|capelle}} Middle Dutch capelle, {{der|nl|la|cappella}} Latin cappella Head templates: {{nl-noun|f|-en|kapelletje}} kapel f (plural kapellen, diminutive kapelletje n)
  1. chapel, small Christian place of worship Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Christianity, Places of worship, Religion
    Sense id: en-kapel-nl-noun-5HEM8bXs Disambiguation of Christianity: 65 24 10 2 Disambiguation of Places of worship: 66 32 2 1 Disambiguation of Religion: 61 34 5 0 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 76 19 4 1 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup: 81 13 5 1
  2. (uncommon) shrine, small non-Christian temple or sanctuary Tags: feminine, uncommon
    Sense id: en-kapel-nl-noun-vAsBbXdp
  3. orchestra Tags: feminine Synonyms: orkest
    Sense id: en-kapel-nl-noun-YTrZkb8r
  4. (dialectal) butterfly Tags: dialectal, feminine Synonyms: schoenlapper, vlinder
    Sense id: en-kapel-nl-noun-~P0HXL42
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: Terkaple
Derived forms: bidkapel, burchtkapel, dagkapel, dakkapel, doopkapel, dubbelkapel, familiekapel, grafkapel, hofkapel, huiskapel, kapelmuziek, kloosterkapel, koorkapel, rouwkapel, slotkapel, straalkapel, trouwkapel, veldkapel, waar God een kerk sticht, daar bouwt de duivel een kapel, zijkapel, blaaskapel, kapelmeester, regimentkapel, Avekapelle, Blauwkapel, Boschkapelle, Capelle, Capelle aan den IJssel, De Kapel, Eggewaartskapelle, Kapel, Kapel in 't Zand, Kapel-Avezaath, Kapeleind, Kapelhoek, Kapelle, Kapelle-op-den-Bos, Kapellebrug, Kapellen, Looperskapelle, Lopikerkapel, Moerkapelle, Nieuwkapelle, Oostkapelle, Oudekapelle, Poelkapelle, Putte-Kapellen, Ramskapelle, Rollegem-Kapelle, 's Heerwillemskapelle, Schuiferskapelle, Sint-Jacobs-Kapelle, Sint-Janskappel, Sint-Katharinakapelle, Sint-Pieters-Kapelle, Sint-Ulriks-Kapelle, Slypskapelle, Sprang-Capelle, Vivenkapelle, Voortkapel, Vrijhoeve-Capelle, Waals-Kappel, Westkapelle, Zegers-Kappel

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for kapel meaning in Dutch (6.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bidkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "burchtkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dagkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dakkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "doopkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dubbelkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "familiekapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grafkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hofkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "huiskapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kapelmuziek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kloosterkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "koorkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rouwkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "slotkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "straalkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trouwkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "veldkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "waar God een kerk sticht, daar bouwt de duivel een kapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "zijkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "blaaskapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kapelmeester"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "regimentkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Avekapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Blauwkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Boschkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Capelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Capelle aan den IJssel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "De Kapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Eggewaartskapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapel in 't Zand"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapel-Avezaath"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapeleind"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapelhoek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapelle-op-den-Bos"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapellebrug"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kapellen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Looperskapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Lopikerkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Moerkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Nieuwkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Oostkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Oudekapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Poelkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Putte-Kapellen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Ramskapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Rollegem-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "'s Heerwillemskapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Schuiferskapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sint-Jacobs-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sint-Janskappel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sint-Katharinakapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sint-Pieters-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sint-Ulriks-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Slypskapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sprang-Capelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Vivenkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Voortkapel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Vrijhoeve-Capelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Waals-Kappel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Westkapelle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Zegers-Kappel"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kapel"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kapel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kapel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "brc",
            "2": "kampele"
          },
          "expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "kapel",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Indonesian: kapel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Indonesian: kapel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "kapèl",
            "3": "kapel",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srn",
            "2": "kapelka",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "capelle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch capelle",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cappella"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cappella",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kapellen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kapelletje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "kapelletje"
      },
      "expansion": "kapel f (plural kapellen, diminutive kapelletje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ka‧pel"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Terkaple"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "76 19 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 13 5 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 24 10 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Christianity",
          "orig": "nl:Christianity",
          "parents": [
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 32 2 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Places of worship",
          "orig": "nl:Places of worship",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Buildings",
            "Religion",
            "Names",
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Architecture",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Lemmas",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "61 34 5 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "nl:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chapel, small Christian place of worship"
      ],
      "id": "en-kapel-nl-noun-5HEM8bXs",
      "links": [
        [
          "chapel",
          "chapel#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "shrine, small non-Christian temple or sanctuary"
      ],
      "id": "en-kapel-nl-noun-vAsBbXdp",
      "links": [
        [
          "shrine",
          "shrine#English"
        ],
        [
          "temple",
          "temple"
        ],
        [
          "sanctuary",
          "sanctuary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) shrine, small non-Christian temple or sanctuary"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "orchestra"
      ],
      "id": "en-kapel-nl-noun-YTrZkb8r",
      "links": [
        [
          "orchestra",
          "orchestra#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "orkest"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "butterfly"
      ],
      "id": "en-kapel-nl-noun-~P0HXL42",
      "links": [
        [
          "butterfly",
          "butterfly#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) butterfly"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "schoenlapper"
        },
        {
          "word": "vlinder"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kaːˈpɛl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kapel"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kapel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Nl-kapel.ogg/Nl-kapel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Nl-kapel.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kapel"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch nouns",
    "Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
    "Dutch terms derived from Latin",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛl",
    "nl:Christianity",
    "nl:Places of worship",
    "nl:Religion"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bidkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "burchtkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "dagkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "dakkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "doopkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubbelkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "familiekapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "grafkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "hofkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "huiskapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "kapelmuziek"
    },
    {
      "word": "kloosterkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "koorkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "rouwkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "slotkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "straalkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "trouwkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "veldkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "waar God een kerk sticht, daar bouwt de duivel een kapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "zijkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "blaaskapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "kapelmeester"
    },
    {
      "word": "regimentkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Avekapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Blauwkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Boschkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Capelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Capelle aan den IJssel"
    },
    {
      "word": "De Kapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Eggewaartskapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapel in 't Zand"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapel-Avezaath"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapeleind"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapelhoek"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapelle-op-den-Bos"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapellebrug"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kapellen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Looperskapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lopikerkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Moerkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nieuwkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Oostkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Oudekapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Poelkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Putte-Kapellen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ramskapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rollegem-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "'s Heerwillemskapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Schuiferskapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sint-Jacobs-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sint-Janskappel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sint-Katharinakapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sint-Pieters-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sint-Ulriks-Kapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Slypskapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sprang-Capelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Vivenkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Voortkapel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Vrijhoeve-Capelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Waals-Kappel"
    },
    {
      "word": "Westkapelle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zegers-Kappel"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kapel"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kapel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kapel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "brc",
            "2": "kampele"
          },
          "expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "kapel",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Indonesian: kapel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Indonesian: kapel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "kapèl",
            "3": "kapel",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "srn",
            "2": "kapelka",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "capelle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch capelle",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cappella"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cappella",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kapellen",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kapelletje",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "-en",
        "3": "kapelletje"
      },
      "expansion": "kapel f (plural kapellen, diminutive kapelletje n)",
      "name": "nl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ka‧pel"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Terkaple"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "chapel, small Christian place of worship"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chapel",
          "chapel#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with uncommon senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shrine, small non-Christian temple or sanctuary"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shrine",
          "shrine#English"
        ],
        [
          "temple",
          "temple"
        ],
        [
          "sanctuary",
          "sanctuary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncommon) shrine, small non-Christian temple or sanctuary"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "uncommon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "orchestra"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orchestra",
          "orchestra#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "orkest"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "butterfly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "butterfly",
          "butterfly#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) butterfly"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "schoenlapper"
        },
        {
          "word": "vlinder"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kaːˈpɛl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Kapel"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-kapel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Nl-kapel.ogg/Nl-kapel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Nl-kapel.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kapel"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.