See droef in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "droeve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch droeve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*drōvi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *drōvi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trüb"
},
"expansion": "German trüb",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch droeve, droue, from Old Dutch *drōvi, *druovi, from Proto-West Germanic *drōbī, from Proto-Germanic *drōbuz (“turbid”). Compare English droff and German trüb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droever",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "droefst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
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]
},
{
"form": "droef",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "droever",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het droefst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droeve",
"source": "declension",
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"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droevere",
"source": "declension",
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"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droef",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droever",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droeve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "droevere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droeve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "droevere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droefs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "droevers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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"hyphenation": [
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],
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],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "droefenis"
},
{
"word": "droefgeestig"
},
{
"word": "droefheid"
},
{
"word": "droeftoeter"
},
{
"word": "droevig"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You make me sad.",
"text": "Jij maakt mij droef.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sad, miserable"
],
"id": "en-droef-nl-adj-a1SHGKUG",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/druf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-droef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg/Nl-droef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"word": "droef"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
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"2": "verb form"
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"droef"
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"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
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{
"_dis": "1 47 46 6",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 44 44 4 3 3",
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{
"_dis": "1 47 47 2 2 2",
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}
],
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{
"word": "droeven"
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],
"glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-droef-nl-verb-gjMpkTi5",
"links": [
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 47 46 6",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "1 47 47 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-droef-nl-verb-0OC7WUtw",
"links": [
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-droef-nl-verb-sLe-r7Tt",
"links": [
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/druf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-droef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg/Nl-droef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"word": "droef"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
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"word": "droefenis"
},
{
"word": "droefgeestig"
},
{
"word": "droefheid"
},
{
"word": "droeftoeter"
},
{
"word": "droevig"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "droeve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch droeve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*drōvi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *drōvi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drōbī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drōbī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drōbuz",
"4": "",
"5": "turbid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drōbuz (“turbid”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
"expansion": "English droff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trüb"
},
"expansion": "German trüb",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch droeve, droue, from Old Dutch *drōvi, *druovi, from Proto-West Germanic *drōbī, from Proto-Germanic *drōbuz (“turbid”). Compare English droff and German trüb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droever",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "droefst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "droef",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "droever",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het droefst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droeve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droevere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droef",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droever",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droeve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "droevere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droeve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "droevere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "droefste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droefs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "droevers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "droever"
},
"expansion": "droef (comparative droever, superlative droefst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"droef"
],
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{
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},
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],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You make me sad.",
"text": "Jij maakt mij droef.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sad, miserable"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/druf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-droef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg/Nl-droef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"word": "droef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "droef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"droef"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "droeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of droeven:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"droeven",
"droeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/druf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-droef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg/Nl-droef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nl-droef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"word": "droef"
}
Download raw JSONL data for droef meaning in Dutch (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.