"tonout" meaning in Czech

See tonout in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈtonou̯t]
Etymology: Inherited from Old Czech tonúti, from Proto-Slavic *topnǫti. By surface analysis, topit + -nout. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|cs|zlw-ocs|tonúti|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Czech tonúti, {{inh+|cs|zlw-ocs|tonúti}} Inherited from Old Czech tonúti, {{inh|cs|sla-pro|*topnǫti}} Proto-Slavic *topnǫti, {{surf|cs|topit|-nout}} By surface analysis, topit + -nout Head templates: {{cs-verb|a=impf}} tonout impf Inflection templates: {{cs-conj-mi-nout|to|pass=no}}, {{cs-conj-forms|aspect=impf|im 2s=toň|pass adj=|pass ms=|pass ns=|past ms=tonul|pf 1s=tonu|pf 3p=tonou|pf 3s=tone|tr1 past=|tr1 past2=|tr1 pres=tona|tr2 pres=tonouc|vn=tonutí}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], tonout [infinitive], tonouti [infinitive], tonoucí [error-unrecognized-form], tonutí [noun-from-verb], - [error-unrecognized-form], no-table-tags [table-tags], tonu [first-person, indicative, singular], toneme [first-person, indicative, plural], - [first-person, imperative, singular], toňme [first-person, imperative, plural], toneš [indicative, second-person, singular], tonete [indicative, plural, second-person], toň [imperative, second-person, singular], toňte [imperative, plural, second-person], tone [indicative, singular, third-person], tonou [indicative, plural, third-person], - [imperative, singular, third-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], tonul [animate, error-unrecognized-form, masculine, singular], tonuli [animate, error-unrecognized-form, masculine, plural], - [animate, error-unrecognized-form, masculine, singular], - [animate, error-unrecognized-form, masculine, plural], tonul [error-unrecognized-form, inanimate, masculine, singular], tonuly [error-unrecognized-form, inanimate, masculine, plural], - [error-unrecognized-form, inanimate, masculine, singular], - [error-unrecognized-form, inanimate, masculine, plural], tonula [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, singular], tonuly [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, plural], - [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, singular], - [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, plural], tonulo [error-unrecognized-form, neuter, singular], tonula [error-unrecognized-form, neuter, plural], - [error-unrecognized-form, neuter, singular], - [error-unrecognized-form, neuter, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], tona [masculine, present, singular], - [masculine, past, singular], tonouc [feminine, neuter, present, singular], - [feminine, neuter, past, singular], tonouce [plural, present], - [past, plural]
  1. (intransitive) to be drowning Tags: imperfective, intransitive Related terms: potonout, utonout, vtonout, vytonout, zatonout, ztonout

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "tonúti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech tonúti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "tonúti"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech tonúti",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*topnǫti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *topnǫti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "topit",
        "3": "-nout"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, topit + -nout",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech tonúti, from Proto-Slavic *topnǫti. By surface analysis, topit + -nout.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonouti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonoucí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonutí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toneme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toňme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toneš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toň",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toňte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonou",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonuly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonuly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonulo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonouc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonouce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "tonout impf",
      "name": "cs-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "to",
        "pass": "no"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-mi-nout"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aspect": "impf",
        "im 2s": "toň",
        "pass adj": "",
        "pass ms": "",
        "pass ns": "",
        "past ms": "tonul",
        "pf 1s": "tonu",
        "pf 3p": "tonou",
        "pf 3s": "tone",
        "tr1 past": "",
        "tr1 past2": "",
        "tr1 pres": "tona",
        "tr2 pres": "tonouc",
        "vn": "tonutí"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech terms suffixed with -nout",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Tone poslední naděje.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Stráň tone v slunci.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Les tone v mlze.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Město tone v praporech.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be drowning"
      ],
      "id": "en-tonout-cs-verb-G34XhO82",
      "links": [
        [
          "drowning",
          "drowning"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be drowning"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "potonout"
        },
        {
          "word": "utonout"
        },
        {
          "word": "vtonout"
        },
        {
          "word": "vytonout"
        },
        {
          "word": "zatonout"
        },
        {
          "word": "ztonout"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtonou̯t]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tonout"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "tonúti",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech tonúti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "tonúti"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech tonúti",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*topnǫti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *topnǫti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "topit",
        "3": "-nout"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, topit + -nout",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech tonúti, from Proto-Slavic *topnǫti. By surface analysis, topit + -nout.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonouti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonoucí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonutí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toneme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toňme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toneš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toň",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toňte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonou",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonuly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonuly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonulo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-mi-nout",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonouc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tonouce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "tonout impf",
      "name": "cs-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "to",
        "pass": "no"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-mi-nout"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aspect": "impf",
        "im 2s": "toň",
        "pass adj": "",
        "pass ms": "",
        "pass ns": "",
        "past ms": "tonul",
        "pf 1s": "tonu",
        "pf 3p": "tonou",
        "pf 3s": "tone",
        "tr1 past": "",
        "tr1 past2": "",
        "tr1 pres": "tona",
        "tr2 pres": "tonouc",
        "vn": "tonutí"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "potonout"
    },
    {
      "word": "utonout"
    },
    {
      "word": "vtonout"
    },
    {
      "word": "vytonout"
    },
    {
      "word": "zatonout"
    },
    {
      "word": "ztonout"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
        "Czech imperfective verbs",
        "Czech intransitive verbs",
        "Czech lemmas",
        "Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
        "Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
        "Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Czech terms suffixed with -nout",
        "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Czech terms with usage examples",
        "Czech verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Requests for translations of Czech usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Tone poslední naděje.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Stráň tone v slunci.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Les tone v mlze.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Město tone v praporech.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be drowning"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drowning",
          "drowning"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be drowning"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtonou̯t]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tonout"
}

Download raw JSONL data for tonout meaning in Czech (6.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Czech dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.