See -el in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "-el",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech -el",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьlъ, *-ъlъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech -el, from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ. This suffix should be etymologically masculine. In the Old Czech, it was and the similar feminine suffix was -ěl, but these two suffixes have merged into one today. See e.g. Old Czech kúpěl –> koupel (instead of expected koupěl).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-el m anim or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "animate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an",
"g2": "m-in",
"g3": "f"
},
"expansion": "-el m anim or m inan or f (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.an.*"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m.*"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m.soft"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m.soft.*"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech suffixes with multiple animacies",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple animacies",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 22 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "koza + -el → kozel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pleva + -el → plevel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "koupat + -el → koupel",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns"
],
"id": "en--el-cs-suffix-b2JvR4OS",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ ɛl]"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "-el",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech -el",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech -el",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьlъ, *-ъlъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech -el, from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ. This suffix should be etymologically masculine. In the Old Czech, it was and the similar feminine suffix was -ěl, but these two suffixes have merged into one today. See e.g. Old Czech kúpěl –> koupel (instead of expected koupěl).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-el m anim or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "animate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-lích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-li",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elemi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an",
"g2": "m-in",
"g3": "f"
},
"expansion": "-el m anim or m inan or f (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.an.*"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m.*"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m.soft"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m.soft.*"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech animate suffixes",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine suffixes",
"Czech hard masculine animate nouns",
"Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech inanimate suffixes",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine animate nouns",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine suffixes",
"Czech noun-forming suffixes",
"Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"Czech soft masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech soft zero-ending feminine nouns",
"Czech suffixes",
"Czech suffixes with multiple animacies",
"Czech suffixes with multiple genders",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 22 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "koza + -el → kozel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pleva + -el → plevel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "koupat + -el → koupel",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ ɛl]"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -el meaning in Czech (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Czech: '-el m anim or', originally '-el m anim or m inan or f'",
"path": [
"-el"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-el",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Czech: '-el m anim or', originally '-el m anim or m inan or f'",
"path": [
"-el"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-el",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'inanimate', 'feminine', 'canonical']: '-el m anim or' in '-el m anim or m inan or f (noun-forming suffix)'",
"path": [
"-el"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-el",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-el"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-el",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Czech dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.