See 自古 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "自古",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "zh:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以來"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以来"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, rén wúxìnbùlì",
"word": "自古皆有死，人無信不立／自古皆有死，人无信不立"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wúxìnbùlì",
"word": "自古皆有死，民無信不立／自古皆有死，民无信不立"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ hóngyán duō bómìng",
"word": "自古紅顏多薄命"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ hóngyán duō bómìng",
"word": "自古红颜多薄命"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "From of old, death has been the lot of all men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE",
"roman": "Zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wú xìn bù lì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自古皆有死，民無信不立。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "From of old, death has been the lot of all men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE",
"roman": "Zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wú xìn bù lì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自古皆有死，民无信不立。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1279, Wen Tianxiang, 《過零丁洋》",
"roman": "Rénshēng zìgǔ shéi wú sǐ? Liú qǔ dānxīn zhào hànqīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "人生自古誰無死？留取丹心照汗青。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1279, Wen Tianxiang, 《過零丁洋》",
"roman": "Rénshēng zìgǔ shéi wú sǐ? Liú qǔ dānxīn zhào hànqīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from time immemorial; since ancient times"
],
"id": "en-自古-zh-adv-TarBnmDQ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"immemorial",
"immemorial"
],
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"times",
"times"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gǔlái",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "古來"
},
{
"roman": "gǔlái",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "古来"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "終古"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "终古"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以來"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以来"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìgǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄍㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁶ gu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhṳ-kú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chīr-kó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chū-kó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ze⁷ gou²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìgǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìhgǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tzŭ⁴-ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dz̀-gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tzyhguu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзыгу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czygu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jih gú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzi⁶ gu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ji⁶ gu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² kuː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "chhṳ-kú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "cii^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "guˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ci⁴ gu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ku³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsīr-kóo"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsū-kóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zuxkor"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsṳ̄ kóu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ¹¹ kou⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dzijH kuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*s.[b]i[t]-s kˤaʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ɦljids kaːʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² kuː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ku³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ¹¹ kou⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[b]"
},
{
"other": "[t]"
},
{
"other": "/*ɦljids kaːʔ/"
}
],
"word": "自古"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以來"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以来"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, rén wúxìnbùlì",
"word": "自古皆有死，人無信不立／自古皆有死，人无信不立"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wúxìnbùlì",
"word": "自古皆有死，民無信不立／自古皆有死，民无信不立"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ hóngyán duō bómìng",
"word": "自古紅顏多薄命"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ hóngyán duō bómìng",
"word": "自古红颜多薄命"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "自古",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Cantonese adverbs",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 古",
"Chinese terms spelled with 自",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka adverbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adverbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin adverbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Middle Chinese adverbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese adverbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples",
"Teochew adverbs",
"Teochew lemmas",
"zh:Time"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "From of old, death has been the lot of all men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE",
"roman": "Zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wú xìn bù lì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自古皆有死，民無信不立。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "From of old, death has been the lot of all men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE",
"roman": "Zìgǔ jiē yǒu sǐ, mín wú xìn bù lì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自古皆有死，民无信不立。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1279, Wen Tianxiang, 《過零丁洋》",
"roman": "Rénshēng zìgǔ shéi wú sǐ? Liú qǔ dānxīn zhào hànqīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "人生自古誰無死？留取丹心照汗青。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1279, Wen Tianxiang, 《過零丁洋》",
"roman": "Rénshēng zìgǔ shéi wú sǐ? Liú qǔ dānxīn zhào hànqīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from time immemorial; since ancient times"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"immemorial",
"immemorial"
],
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"times",
"times"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìgǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄗˋ ㄍㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁶ gu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhṳ-kú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chīr-kó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chū-kó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ze⁷ gou²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìgǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zìhgǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tzŭ⁴-ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dz̀-gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tzyhguu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзыгу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czygu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jih gú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzi⁶ gu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ji⁶ gu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² kuː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "chhṳ-kú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "cii^"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "guˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ci⁴ gu³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ku³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsīr-kóo"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsū-kóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zuxkor"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsṳ̄ kóu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ¹¹ kou⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dzijH kuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*s.[b]i[t]-s kˤaʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ɦljids kaːʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siː²² kuː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ ku³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɯ¹¹ kou⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[b]"
},
{
"other": "[t]"
},
{
"other": "/*ɦljids kaːʔ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gǔlái",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "古來"
},
{
"roman": "gǔlái",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "古来"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "終古"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "终古"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以來"
},
{
"roman": "zìgǔ yǐlái",
"word": "自古以来"
}
],
"word": "自古"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 自古 meaning in Chinese (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"自古"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "自古",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"自古"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "自古",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"自古"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "自古",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"自古"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "自古",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%A4'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"自古"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "自古",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.