See 天竺 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Tenjiku",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"竺",
"じく"
]
],
"word": "天竺"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Tinjiku",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てぃん"
],
[
"竺",
"じく"
]
],
"word": "天竺"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Cheonchuk",
"word": "천축(天竺)"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "天竺",
"word": "Thiên Trúc"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hndwk'",
"hndwk'#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"hnd",
"hnd#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢",
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁#Old_Persian"
],
[
"सिन्धु",
"सिन्धु#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*síndʰuṣ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/síndʰuṣ"
],
[
"*síndʰuš",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/síndʰuš"
],
[
"hypocoristic",
"hypocoristic"
],
[
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁",
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁#Old_Persian"
],
[
"身毒",
"身毒#Chinese"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "pal",
"3": "hndwk'",
"4": "",
"5": "Indian",
"tr": "Hindūg"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁",
"4": "𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢",
"5": "India",
"tr": "hiⁿdu-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "सिन्धु",
"4": "",
"5": "river, stream; Indus",
"tr": "síndhu"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "inc-pro",
"3": "*síndʰuṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*síndʰuš",
"4": "",
"5": "river"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pulleyblank, 1962"
},
"expansion": "Pulleyblank, 1962",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Coblin, 1983"
},
"expansion": "Coblin, 1983",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "身毒"
},
"expansion": "身毒 (Juāndú)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”) (in turn, derived from hnd (Hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”)) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天竺",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 27 1 32 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "History of India",
"orig": "zh:History of India",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "India",
"orig": "zh:India",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "三天竺"
},
{
"word": "中天竺"
},
{
"roman": "Wǔtiānzhú",
"word": "五天竺"
},
{
"roman": "nántiānzhú",
"word": "南天竺"
},
{
"word": "天竺國"
},
{
"word": "天竺国"
},
{
"word": "天竺子"
},
{
"word": "天竺山"
},
{
"word": "天竺書"
},
{
"word": "天竺书"
},
{
"roman": "Tiānzhú Jiāng",
"word": "天竺江"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzhú mǔdān",
"word": "天竺牡丹"
},
{
"word": "天竺葵"
},
{
"word": "天竺鯛"
},
{
"word": "天竺鲷"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzhúshǔ",
"word": "天竺鼠"
},
{
"word": "安南通天竺道"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
64
]
],
"english": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"ref": " Faxian (法顯), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (佛國記), trans. James Legge",
"roman": "Fán Shāhé yǐ xī, Tiānzhú zhū guó, guówáng jiē dǔxìn fófǎ. Gōngyǎng zhòng sēng shí, zé tuō tiānguàn, gòng zhū zōngqīn, qún chén shǒu zì xíng shí.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "凡沙河已西，天竺諸國，國王皆篤信佛法。供養衆僧時，則脫天冠，共諸宗親、羣臣手自行食。",
"translation": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
64
]
],
"english": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"ref": " Faxian (法顯), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (佛國記), trans. James Legge",
"roman": "Fán Shāhé yǐ xī, Tiānzhú zhū guó, guówáng jiē dǔxìn fófǎ. Gōngyǎng zhòng sēng shí, zé tuō tiānguàn, gòng zhū zōngqīn, qún chén shǒu zì xíng shí.",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "凡沙河已西，天竺诸国，国王皆笃信佛法。供养众僧时，则脱天冠，共诸宗亲、羣臣手自行食。",
"translation": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(archaic) India"
],
"id": "en-天竺-zh-name-vkRBKdns",
"links": [
[
"國",
"國#Chinese"
],
[
"India",
"India"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～國) (archaic) India"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Juāndú",
"word": "身毒"
},
{
"roman": "Xiándòu",
"word": "賢豆"
},
{
"roman": "Xiándòu",
"word": "贤豆"
},
{
"word": "狷篤"
},
{
"word": "狷笃"
},
{
"word": "乾篤"
},
{
"word": "干笃"
},
{
"roman": "Yìndù",
"tags": [
"modern"
],
"word": "印度"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻien¹-chu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tyān-jú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjwu"
},
{
"roman": "Tjanʹčžu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Тяньчжу"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竹",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竺",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tīn jūk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ dzuk⁷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zug¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tiendiog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ tiɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "thi^平 tsoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "then trjuwk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*qʰl'iːn tuɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Later Han"
],
"word": "天竺"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Per 《北京市顺义县地名志》:\nIn Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:\n* https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。\nIn Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天竺",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 15 27 1 32 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)"
],
"id": "en-天竺-zh-name-QxM~sGV5",
"links": [
[
"地區",
"地區#Chinese"
],
[
"Shunyi District",
"w:Shunyi District"
],
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻien¹-chu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tyān-jú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjwu"
},
{
"roman": "Tjanʹčžu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Тяньчжу"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竹",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竺",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tīn jūk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ dzuk⁷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zug¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tiendiog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ tiɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "thi^平 tsoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "then trjuwk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*qʰl'iːn tuɡ/"
}
],
"word": "天竺"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Chinese terms derived from Old Persian",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 天",
"Chinese terms spelled with 竺",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:History of India",
"zh:India"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "三天竺"
},
{
"word": "中天竺"
},
{
"roman": "Wǔtiānzhú",
"word": "五天竺"
},
{
"roman": "nántiānzhú",
"word": "南天竺"
},
{
"word": "天竺國"
},
{
"word": "天竺国"
},
{
"word": "天竺子"
},
{
"word": "天竺山"
},
{
"word": "天竺書"
},
{
"word": "天竺书"
},
{
"roman": "Tiānzhú Jiāng",
"word": "天竺江"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzhú mǔdān",
"word": "天竺牡丹"
},
{
"word": "天竺葵"
},
{
"word": "天竺鯛"
},
{
"word": "天竺鲷"
},
{
"roman": "tiānzhúshǔ",
"word": "天竺鼠"
},
{
"word": "安南通天竺道"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Tenjiku",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てん"
],
[
"竺",
"じく"
]
],
"word": "天竺"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Tinjiku",
"ruby": [
[
"天",
"てぃん"
],
[
"竺",
"じく"
]
],
"word": "天竺"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "Cheonchuk",
"word": "천축(天竺)"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "天竺",
"word": "Thiên Trúc"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hndwk'",
"hndwk'#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"hnd",
"hnd#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢",
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁#Old_Persian"
],
[
"सिन्धु",
"सिन्धु#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*síndʰuṣ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/síndʰuṣ"
],
[
"*síndʰuš",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/síndʰuš"
],
[
"hypocoristic",
"hypocoristic"
],
[
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁",
"𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁#Old_Persian"
],
[
"身毒",
"身毒#Chinese"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "pal",
"3": "hndwk'",
"4": "",
"5": "Indian",
"tr": "Hindūg"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "peo",
"3": "𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁",
"4": "𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢",
"5": "India",
"tr": "hiⁿdu-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "सिन्धु",
"4": "",
"5": "river, stream; Indus",
"tr": "síndhu"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "inc-pro",
"3": "*síndʰuṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*síndʰuš",
"4": "",
"5": "river"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pulleyblank, 1962"
},
"expansion": "Pulleyblank, 1962",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Coblin, 1983"
},
"expansion": "Coblin, 1983",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "身毒"
},
"expansion": "身毒 (Juāndú)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Middle Persian hndwk' (Hindūg, “Indian”) (in turn, derived from hnd (Hind, “India”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-, “India”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “river, stream; Indus”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”)) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天竺",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with archaic senses",
"Classical Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
64
]
],
"english": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"ref": " Faxian (法顯), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (佛國記), trans. James Legge",
"roman": "Fán Shāhé yǐ xī, Tiānzhú zhū guó, guówáng jiē dǔxìn fófǎ. Gōngyǎng zhòng sēng shí, zé tuō tiānguàn, gòng zhū zōngqīn, qún chén shǒu zì xíng shí.",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "凡沙河已西，天竺諸國，國王皆篤信佛法。供養衆僧時，則脫天冠，共諸宗親、羣臣手自行食。",
"translation": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
64
]
],
"english": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"ref": " Faxian (法顯), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (佛國記), trans. James Legge",
"roman": "Fán Shāhé yǐ xī, Tiānzhú zhū guó, guówáng jiē dǔxìn fófǎ. Gōngyǎng zhòng sēng shí, zé tuō tiānguàn, gòng zhū zōngqīn, qún chén shǒu zì xíng shí.",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "凡沙河已西，天竺诸国，国王皆笃信佛法。供养众僧时，则脱天冠，共诸宗亲、羣臣手自行食。",
"translation": "Everywhere, from the Sandy Desert, in all the countries of India, the kings had been firm believers in that Law. When they make their offerings to a community of monks, they take off their royal caps, and along with their relatives and ministers, supply them with food with their own hands.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(archaic) India"
],
"links": [
[
"國",
"國#Chinese"
],
[
"India",
"India"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～國) (archaic) India"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻien¹-chu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tyān-jú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjwu"
},
{
"roman": "Tjanʹčžu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Тяньчжу"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竹",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竺",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tīn jūk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ dzuk⁷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zug¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tiendiog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ tiɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "thi^平 tsoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "then trjuwk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*qʰl'iːn tuɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "Juāndú",
"word": "身毒"
},
{
"roman": "Xiándòu",
"word": "賢豆"
},
{
"roman": "Xiándòu",
"word": "贤豆"
},
{
"word": "狷篤"
},
{
"word": "狷笃"
},
{
"word": "乾篤"
},
{
"word": "干笃"
},
{
"roman": "Yìndù",
"tags": [
"modern"
],
"word": "印度"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Later Han"
],
"word": "天竺"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 天",
"Chinese terms spelled with 竺",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:History of India",
"zh:India"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Per 《北京市顺义县地名志》:\nIn Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:\n* https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。\nIn Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "天竺",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)"
],
"links": [
[
"地區",
"地區#Chinese"
],
[
"Shunyi District",
"w:Shunyi District"
],
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tiānzhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjhú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻien¹-chu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tyān-jú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tianjwu"
},
{
"roman": "Tjanʹčžu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Тяньчжу"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竹",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "天竺",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zuk¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tīn jūk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ dzuk⁷"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tin¹ zug¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "Thian-tiok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "tiendiog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ tiɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "thi^平 tsoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "¹thi-tsoq"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "then trjuwk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*qʰl'iːn tuɡ/"
}
],
"word": "天竺"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 天竺 meaning in Chinese (14.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"天竺"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天竺",
"trace": "started on line 20, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"天竺"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "天竺",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～國",
"path": [
"天竺"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "天竺",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～國",
"path": [
"天竺"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "天竺",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～地區",
"path": [
"天竺"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "天竺",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～地區",
"path": [
"天竺"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "天竺",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.