See 佛朗機 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "フランキ",
"tr": "furanki"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: フランキ (furanki)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: フランキ (furanki)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "불랑기(佛朗機)"
},
"expansion": "Korean: 불랑기(佛朗機) (bullanggi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Korean: 불랑기(佛朗機) (bullanggi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگی",
"4": "",
"5": "European, Westerner",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate of Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "佛朗机",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "佛郎機"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "佛朗機",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"id": "en-佛朗機-zh-noun-YpTTOi2E",
"links": [
[
"generic",
"generic"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"Ming",
"Ming"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"roman": "pútáoyárén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"word": "葡萄牙人"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"roman": "púrén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"tags": [
"short-form"
],
"word": "葡人"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗機炮"
},
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗机炮"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”)."
],
"id": "en-佛朗機-zh-noun-TwD4YOHd",
"links": [
[
"佛朗機炮",
"佛朗機炮#Chinese"
],
[
"佛朗机炮",
"佛朗机炮#Chinese"
],
[
"breech-loading",
"breech-loading"
],
[
"swivel gun",
"swivel gun"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fólǎngji"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Fo²-lang³-chi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Fwó-lǎng-jī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Forlaangji"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Фоланцзи"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Folanczi"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "faht lóhng gēi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fat⁹ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fed⁶ long⁵ géi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Xībānyárén",
"tags": [
"Spanish"
],
"word": "西班牙人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hòa-lâng",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Spanish",
"historical"
],
"word": "化人"
}
],
"word": "佛朗機"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Chinese terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Chinese terms spelled with 佛",
"Chinese terms spelled with 朗",
"Chinese terms spelled with 機",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "フランキ",
"tr": "furanki"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: フランキ (furanki)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: フランキ (furanki)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "불랑기(佛朗機)"
},
"expansion": "Korean: 불랑기(佛朗機) (bullanggi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Korean: 불랑기(佛朗機) (bullanggi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگی",
"4": "",
"5": "European, Westerner",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate of Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "佛朗机",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "佛郎機"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "佛朗機",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"links": [
[
"generic",
"generic"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"Ming",
"Ming"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗機炮"
},
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗机炮"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”)."
],
"links": [
[
"佛朗機炮",
"佛朗機炮#Chinese"
],
[
"佛朗机炮",
"佛朗机炮#Chinese"
],
[
"breech-loading",
"breech-loading"
],
[
"swivel gun",
"swivel gun"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Fólǎngji"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Fo²-lang³-chi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Fwó-lǎng-jī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Forlaangji"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Фоланцзи"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Folanczi"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "faht lóhng gēi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fat⁹ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fed⁶ long⁵ géi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "pútáoyárén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"word": "葡萄牙人"
},
{
"roman": "púrén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"tags": [
"short-form"
],
"word": "葡人"
},
{
"roman": "Xībānyárén",
"tags": [
"Spanish"
],
"word": "西班牙人"
},
{
"roman": "hòa-lâng",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Spanish",
"historical"
],
"word": "化人"
}
],
"word": "佛朗機"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 佛朗機 meaning in Chinese (4.2kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"佛朗機"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "佛朗機",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"佛朗機"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "佛朗機",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.