See 開化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 開化 meaning in Chinese (13.1kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become civilized"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-verb-4q1CwK4p",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to thaw; unfreeze"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-verb-UFyhJcol",
"links": [
[
"thaw",
"thaw"
],
[
"unfreeze",
"unfreeze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) to thaw; unfreeze"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to blossom; to mature; to reach fruition"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-verb-kp9zKGJQ",
"links": [
[
"blossom",
"blossom"
],
[
"mature",
"mature"
],
[
"fruition",
"fruition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaihuå"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻai¹-hua⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāi-hwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kai.huah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кайхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kajxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hōi fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qai'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khoj xwaeH"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "開化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "cǎomèi",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"civilized\"",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "草昧"
},
{
"roman": "shǐzǔ",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"civilized\"",
"tags": [
"attributive"
],
"word": "始祖"
},
{
"roman": "yuánshǐ",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"civilized\"",
"word": "原始"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"civilized"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-adj-0HVhwd-L"
},
{
"glosses": [
"liberal; progressive; open-minded"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-adj-QQD~CRmQ",
"links": [
[
"liberal",
"liberal"
],
[
"progressive",
"progressive"
],
[
"open-minded",
"open-minded"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 14 45 31 1 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in good spirits"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-adj-mSihIN2f",
"links": [
[
"good spirits",
"good spirits"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaihuå"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻai¹-hua⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāi-hwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kai.huah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кайхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kajxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hōi fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qai'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khoj xwaeH"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "開化"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "開化"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開%化",
"2": "かい%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "開(かい)化(か) (kaika)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "개화(開化)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "開化",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khai hoá",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "開化"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開化",
"2": "かい%か",
"3": "개화",
"4": "khai hoá",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "開化",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "開化",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "開%化",
"v": "開化",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (開化):\n* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)\n* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かい%か",
"3": "개화",
"4": "khai hoá",
"j": "開%化"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (開化):\n* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)\n* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (開化):\n* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)\n* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Counties of China",
"orig": "zh:Counties of China",
"parents": [
"Counties",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in China",
"orig": "zh:Places in China",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Zhejiang",
"orig": "zh:Places in Zhejiang",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kaihua County (a county of Zhejiang, China)"
],
"id": "en-開化-zh-name-P7Wi4w9a",
"links": [
[
"縣",
"縣#Chinese"
],
[
"Kaihua County",
"w:Kaihua County"
],
[
"Zhejiang",
"Zhejiang#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～縣) Kaihua County (a county of Zhejiang, China)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaihuå"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻai¹-hua⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāi-hwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kai.huah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кайхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kajxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hōi fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qai'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khoj xwaeH"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "開化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become civilized"
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to thaw; unfreeze"
],
"links": [
[
"thaw",
"thaw"
],
[
"unfreeze",
"unfreeze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) to thaw; unfreeze"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to blossom; to mature; to reach fruition"
],
"links": [
[
"blossom",
"blossom"
],
[
"mature",
"mature"
],
[
"fruition",
"fruition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaihuå"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻai¹-hua⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāi-hwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kai.huah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кайхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kajxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hōi fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qai'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khoj xwaeH"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "開化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "cǎomèi",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"civilized\"",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "草昧"
},
{
"roman": "shǐzǔ",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"civilized\"",
"tags": [
"attributive"
],
"word": "始祖"
},
{
"roman": "yuánshǐ",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"civilized\"",
"word": "原始"
}
],
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"civilized"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"liberal; progressive; open-minded"
],
"links": [
[
"liberal",
"liberal"
],
[
"progressive",
"progressive"
],
[
"open-minded",
"open-minded"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in good spirits"
],
"links": [
[
"good spirits",
"good spirits"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaihuå"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻai¹-hua⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāi-hwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kai.huah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кайхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kajxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hōi fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qai'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khoj xwaeH"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "開化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "開化"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開%化",
"2": "かい%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "開(かい)化(か) (kaika)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "개화(開化)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "開化",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khai hoá",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "開化"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開化",
"2": "かい%か",
"3": "개화",
"4": "khai hoá",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "開化",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "開化",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "開%化",
"v": "開化",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (開化):\n* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)\n* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かい%か",
"3": "개화",
"4": "khai hoá",
"j": "開%化"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (開化):\n* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)\n* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (開化):\n* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)\n* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "開化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"zh:Counties of China",
"zh:Places in China",
"zh:Places in Zhejiang"
],
"glosses": [
"Kaihua County (a county of Zhejiang, China)"
],
"links": [
[
"縣",
"縣#Chinese"
],
[
"Kaihua County",
"w:Kaihua County"
],
[
"Zhejiang",
"Zhejiang#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～縣) Kaihua County (a county of Zhejiang, China)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "kāihua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄞ ˙ㄏㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaihuå"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻai¹-hua⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kāi-hwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kai.huah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кайхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kajxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hōi fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hoi¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khôi-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi´ fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "koi¹ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khai-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qai'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khoj xwaeH"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "開化"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.