"鈔" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰaːu̯³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰau³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /t͡sʰɑ²¹³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /t͡sʰa²¹/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /t͡sʰau³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sʰa⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡sʰa²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡sʰa¹¹/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sʰa²¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sʰau³³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaːu̯³³/, /t͡sʰau³³/, /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/, /t͡sʰɑ²¹³/, /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa²¹/, /t͡sʰau³³/, /t͡sʰa⁴¹/, /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa²¹/, /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa¹¹/, /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa²¹/, /t͡sʰau³³/, /t͡sʰɔ³⁴/ Chinese transliterations: chāo [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], chao¹ [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄔㄠ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], cao¹ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Pinyin, Sichuanese], caau¹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], caau³ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], cau¹ [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], chhêu [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], chá, chău, chhau [Hokkien, POJ], chhà [Hokkien, POJ], cao¹ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁵tshau, chāo [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ㄔㄠ [Mandarin, bopomofo], chao [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chʻao¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], chāu [Mandarin, Yale], chau [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], чао [Mandarin, Palladius], čao [Mandarin, Palladius], cao [Chengdu, Latinxua-Sin-Wenz, Mandarin], caau¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], caau³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], chāau [Cantonese, Yale], chaau [Cantonese, Yale], tsaau¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], tsaau³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], cao¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], cao³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], cau¹ [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], chhêu [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], ceu´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ceu¹ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], chá [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], chău [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], tshau [Hokkien, Tai-lo], tshà [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zhaw [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], zhax [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tshau [POJ, Teochew], ⁵tshau [Wu], tshau^去 [Wu], ²tshau [Wu], /t͡sʰɔ³⁴/ [Wu], tsrhaew [Middle-Chinese], tsrhaewH [Middle-Chinese], /*sm̥ʰreːw/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang], /*sm̥ʰreːws/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). Etymology templates: {{m|zh|形聲|tr=-}} 形聲/形声, {{categorize|zh|Han phono-semantic compounds}}, {{liushu|psc|adj=|nocap=|pron=OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws}} Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws), {{m|zh|金//|||tr=-}} 金, {{m|zh|少//|||tr=<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help" title="Old Chinese">OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews</span>}} 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews), {{Han compound|金|少|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}} Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews) Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 鈔
  1. paper money; banknotes
    Sense id: en-鈔-zh-character-pMeZzeqH Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 92 8
  2. Alternative form of 抄 Tags: alt-of, alternative, obsolete Alternative form of:
    Sense id: en-鈔-zh-character-wnU4PUP1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 假鈔 (jiǎchāo), 假钞 (jiǎchāo), 偽鈔 (wěichāo), 伪钞 (wěichāo), 傳鈔, 传钞, 冥鈔 (míngchāo), 冥钞 (míngchāo), 北堂書鈔, 北堂书钞, 史鈔, 史钞, 壞鈔, 坏钞, 外鈔, 外钞, 大鈔, 大钞, 宋詩鈔, 宋诗钞, 宮門鈔, 宫门钞, 寇鈔, 寇钞, 寶鈔 (bǎochāo), 宝钞 (bǎochāo), 小鈔, 小钞, 影鈔本, 影钞本, 惠鈔, 惠钞, 掐尖落鈔, 掐尖落钞, 整鈔, 整钞, 料鈔, 料钞, 昏鈔, 昏钞, 會鈔, 会钞, 現鈔 (xiànchāo), 现钞 (xiànchāo), 生鈔, 生钞, 破鈔, 破钞, 精銀響鈔, 精银响钞, 紙鈔 (zhǐchāo), 纸钞 (zhǐchāo), 美鈔 (měichāo), 美钞 (měichāo), 花錢粉鈔, 花钱粉钞, 落鈔, 落钞, 鈔引, 钞引, 鈔掠, 钞掠, 鈔暴, 钞暴, 鈔本, 钞本, 鈔票 (chāopiào), 钞票 (chāopiào), 鈔袋, 钞袋, 鈔邏, 钞逻, 鈔關, 钞关, 錢鈔 (qiánchāo), 钱钞 (qiánchāo), 閣鈔, 阁钞, 陸鈔, 陆钞, 響鈔精銀, 响钞精银, 驗鈔機 (yànchāojī), 验钞机 (yànchāojī), 鴉青鈔, 鸦青钞, 鹽鈔, 盐钞

Download JSON data for 鈔 meaning in Chinese (10.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiǎchāo",
      "word": "假鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiǎchāo",
      "word": "假钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wěichāo",
      "word": "偽鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wěichāo",
      "word": "伪钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "傳鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "传钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "míngchāo",
      "word": "冥鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "míngchāo",
      "word": "冥钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "北堂書鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "北堂书钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "史鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "史钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "壞鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "坏钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "外鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "外钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "大鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "大钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "宋詩鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "宋诗钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "宮門鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "宫门钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "寇鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "寇钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bǎochāo",
      "word": "寶鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bǎochāo",
      "word": "宝钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "小鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "小钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "影鈔本"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "影钞本"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "惠鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "惠钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "掐尖落鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "掐尖落钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "整鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "整钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "料鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "料钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昏鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昏钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "會鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "会钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiànchāo",
      "word": "現鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiànchāo",
      "word": "现钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "生鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "生钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "破鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "破钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "精銀響鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "精银响钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhǐchāo",
      "word": "紙鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhǐchāo",
      "word": "纸钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "měichāo",
      "word": "美鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "měichāo",
      "word": "美钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "花錢粉鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "花钱粉钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "落鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "落钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔引"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞引"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔掠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞掠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔暴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞暴"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔本"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞本"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chāopiào",
      "word": "鈔票"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chāopiào",
      "word": "钞票"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔袋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞袋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔邏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞逻"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鈔關"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钞关"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiánchāo",
      "word": "錢鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiánchāo",
      "word": "钱钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "閣鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "阁钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "陸鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "陆钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "響鈔精銀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "响钞精银"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yànchāojī",
      "word": "驗鈔機"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yànchāojī",
      "word": "验钞机"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鴉青鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鸦青钞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鹽鈔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "盐钞"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "چاو",
            "tr": "paper money"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: چاو (paper money)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: چاو (paper money) (Ilkhanate)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "چاوخانه",
            "tr": "place where paper money was made"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: چاوخانه (place where paper money was made)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: چاوخانه (place where paper money was made) (Ilkhanate)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "形聲",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "形聲/形声",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "",
        "pron": "OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws"
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "金//",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "金",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "少//",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews</span>"
      },
      "expansion": "少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "金",
        "2": "少",
        "c1": "s",
        "c2": "p",
        "ls": "psc"
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "鈔",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "paper money; banknotes"
      ],
      "id": "en-鈔-zh-character-pMeZzeqH",
      "links": [
        [
          "paper money",
          "paper money"
        ],
        [
          "banknotes",
          "banknotes"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "抄"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of 抄"
      ],
      "id": "en-鈔-zh-character-wnU4PUP1",
      "links": [
        [
          "抄",
          "抄#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhêu"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chá"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chău"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chao"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чао"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chaau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsaau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsaau³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cau¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhêu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceu´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceu¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chău"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰɑ²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhaw"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshau^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡sʰɔ³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsrhaew"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsrhaewH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sm̥ʰreːw/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sm̥ʰreːws/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰɑ²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sm̥ʰreːw/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sm̥ʰreːws/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鈔"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "jiǎchāo",
      "word": "假鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǎchāo",
      "word": "假钞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wěichāo",
      "word": "偽鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wěichāo",
      "word": "伪钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "傳鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "传钞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "míngchāo",
      "word": "冥鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "míngchāo",
      "word": "冥钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "北堂書鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "北堂书钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "史鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "史钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "壞鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "坏钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "外鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "外钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "大鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "大钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "宋詩鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "宋诗钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "宮門鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "宫门钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "寇鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "寇钞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǎochāo",
      "word": "寶鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǎochāo",
      "word": "宝钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "小鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "小钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "影鈔本"
    },
    {
      "word": "影钞本"
    },
    {
      "word": "惠鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "惠钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "掐尖落鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "掐尖落钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "整鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "整钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "料鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "料钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "昏鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "昏钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "會鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "会钞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiànchāo",
      "word": "現鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiànchāo",
      "word": "现钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "生鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "生钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "破鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "破钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "精銀響鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "精银响钞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhǐchāo",
      "word": "紙鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhǐchāo",
      "word": "纸钞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "měichāo",
      "word": "美鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "měichāo",
      "word": "美钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "花錢粉鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "花钱粉钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "落鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "落钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔引"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞引"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔掠"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞掠"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔暴"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞暴"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔本"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞本"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chāopiào",
      "word": "鈔票"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chāopiào",
      "word": "钞票"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔袋"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞袋"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔邏"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞逻"
    },
    {
      "word": "鈔關"
    },
    {
      "word": "钞关"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiánchāo",
      "word": "錢鈔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiánchāo",
      "word": "钱钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "閣鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "阁钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "陸鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "陆钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "響鈔精銀"
    },
    {
      "word": "响钞精银"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yànchāojī",
      "word": "驗鈔機"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yànchāojī",
      "word": "验钞机"
    },
    {
      "word": "鴉青鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "鸦青钞"
    },
    {
      "word": "鹽鈔"
    },
    {
      "word": "盐钞"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "چاو",
            "tr": "paper money"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: چاو (paper money)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: چاو (paper money) (Ilkhanate)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "چاوخانه",
            "tr": "place where paper money was made"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: چاوخانه (place where paper money was made)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: چاوخانه (place where paper money was made) (Ilkhanate)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "形聲",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "形聲/形声",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "",
        "pron": "OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws"
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "金//",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "金",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "少//",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews</span>"
      },
      "expansion": "少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "金",
        "2": "少",
        "c1": "s",
        "c2": "p",
        "ls": "psc"
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "鈔",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "paper money; banknotes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "paper money",
          "paper money"
        ],
        [
          "banknotes",
          "banknotes"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "抄"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of 抄"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "抄",
          "抄#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhêu"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chá"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "chău"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chao"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чао"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "caau³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chāau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chaau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsaau¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsaau³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cao³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cau¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chhêu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceu´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceu¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chău"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰɑ²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhaw"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tshau^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²tshau"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡sʰɔ³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsrhaew"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsrhaewH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sm̥ʰreːw/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*sm̥ʰreːws/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰaːu̯³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰɑ²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰa²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰau³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sm̥ʰreːw/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*sm̥ʰreːws/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "鈔"
}
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.