"論文" meaning in Chinese

See 論文 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /lu̯ən⁵¹ wən³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /lɵn²² mɐn²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /lɵn²² mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /lun⁵⁵ vun¹¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /lũŋ⁴⁵ və̃ŋ¹¹/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /lɔŋ⁵⁵ uɔŋ²¹/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋuŋ⁵³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /lun²²⁻²¹ bun²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /lun⁴¹⁻²² bun²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /lun²²⁻²¹ bun¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /lun³³⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /lun³³⁻²¹ bun²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /lu̯ən⁵¹ wən³⁵/, /lɵn²² mɐn²¹/, /lɵn²² mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/, /lun⁵⁵ vun¹¹/, /lũŋ⁴⁵ və̃ŋ¹¹/, /lɔŋ⁵⁵ uɔŋ²¹/, /l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋuŋ⁵³/, /lun²²⁻²¹ bun²⁴/, /lun⁴¹⁻²² bun²⁴/, /lun²²⁻²¹ bun¹³/, /lun³³⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/, /lun³³⁻²¹ bun²³/, /luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/, /lən²² vən⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: lùnwén [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄨㄣˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], leon⁶ man⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], leon⁶ man⁴⁻² [Cantonese, Jyutping], lun-vùn [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], lung³ veng¹ [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], lō̤ng-uǒ̤ng, lâung-ùng, lūn-bûn [Hokkien, POJ], lung⁶ bhung⁵ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁶len-ven, lùnwén [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], lùnwún [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], lun⁴-wên² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], lwùn-wén [Mandarin, Yale], luennwen [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], луньвэнь [Mandarin, Palladius], lunʹvɛnʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], leuhn màhn [Cantonese, Yale], leuhn mán [Cantonese, Yale], loen⁶ man⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], loen⁶ man⁴⁻² [Cantonese, Pinyin], lên⁶ men⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], lên⁶ men⁴⁻² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], lun-vùn [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], lun^ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], vunˇ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], lun⁴ vun² [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], lung³ veng¹ [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], lō̤ng-uǒ̤ng [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], lâung-ùng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], lūn-bûn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], luxnbuun [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], lŭng bûng [POJ, Teochew], ⁶len-ven [Northern, Wu], len^去 ven [Northern, Wu], ³len-ven [Northern, Wu], /lən²² vən⁴⁴/ [Northern, Wu] Forms: 论文
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 論文
  1. thesis; dissertation; paper (Classifier: 篇 m c) Categories (topical): Education Synonyms: 作文 (zuòwén), 文章 (wénzhāng), 筆札 (bǐzhá) [figuratively, literary], 笔札 (bǐzhá) [figuratively, literary] Derived forms: 博士論文 (bóshì lùnwén), 博士论文 (bóshì lùnwén), 畢業論文 (bìyè lùnwén), 毕业论文 (bìyè lùnwén), 碩士論文 (shuòshì lùnwén), 硕士论文 (shuòshì lùnwén), 論文集 (lùnwénjí), 论文集 (lùnwénjí)
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "论文",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "論文",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese nouns classified by 篇",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Elementary Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "zh:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "bóshì lùnwén",
          "word": "博士論文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bóshì lùnwén",
          "word": "博士论文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè lùnwén",
          "word": "畢業論文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè lùnwén",
          "word": "毕业论文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shuòshì lùnwén",
          "word": "碩士論文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shuòshì lùnwén",
          "word": "硕士论文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "lùnwénjí",
          "word": "論文集"
        },
        {
          "roman": "lùnwénjí",
          "word": "论文集"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "proposed thesis topic",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "nǐdìng lùnwén tímù",
          "text": "擬定論文題目",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "proposed thesis topic",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "nǐdìng lùnwén tímù",
          "text": "拟定论文题目",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "thesis acknowledgements",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "lùnwén zhìxiè",
          "text": "論文致謝",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "thesis acknowledgements",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "lùnwén zhìxiè",
          "text": "论文致谢",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Please complete your paper on time.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Qǐng ànshí wánchéng nǐ de lùnwén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "請按時完成你的論文。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Please complete your paper on time.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Qǐng ànshí wánchéng nǐ de lùnwén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "请按时完成你的论文。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thesis; dissertation; paper (Classifier: 篇 m c)"
      ],
      "id": "en-論文-zh-noun-8FHzBqy-",
      "links": [
        [
          "thesis",
          "thesis"
        ],
        [
          "dissertation",
          "dissertation"
        ],
        [
          "paper",
          "paper"
        ],
        [
          "篇",
          "篇#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "zuòwén",
          "word": "作文"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénzhāng",
          "word": "文章"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bǐzhá",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "筆札"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bǐzhá",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "笔札"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lùnwén"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄨㄣˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leon⁶ man⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leon⁶ man⁴⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun-vùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lung³ veng¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "lō̤ng-uǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "lâung-ùng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lūn-bûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lung⁶ bhung⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶len-ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lùnwén"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lùnwún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun⁴-wên²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lwùn-wén"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "luennwen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "луньвэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lunʹvɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ wən³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leuhn màhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leuhn mán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "loen⁶ man⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "loen⁶ man⁴⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lên⁶ men⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lên⁶ men⁴⁻²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun-vùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun^"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "vunˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun⁴ vun²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ vun¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lung³ veng¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lũŋ⁴⁵ və̃ŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lō̤ng-uǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵ uɔŋ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lâung-ùng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋuŋ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lūn-bûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "luxnbuun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² bun²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ bun²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lŭng bûng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶len-ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "len^去 ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³len-ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/lən²² vən⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ wən³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ vun¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lũŋ⁴⁵ və̃ŋ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵ uɔŋ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋuŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² bun²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ bun²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lən²² vən⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "論文"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bóshì lùnwén",
      "word": "博士論文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bóshì lùnwén",
      "word": "博士论文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìyè lùnwén",
      "word": "畢業論文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìyè lùnwén",
      "word": "毕业论文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuòshì lùnwén",
      "word": "碩士論文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuòshì lùnwén",
      "word": "硕士论文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lùnwénjí",
      "word": "論文集"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lùnwénjí",
      "word": "论文集"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "论文",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "論文",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese nouns classified by 篇",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 文",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 論",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Eastern Min lemmas",
        "Eastern Min nouns",
        "Elementary Mandarin",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka nouns",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Jin lemmas",
        "Jin nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with audio links",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples",
        "Northern Min lemmas",
        "Northern Min nouns",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Teochew lemmas",
        "Teochew nouns",
        "Wu lemmas",
        "Wu nouns",
        "zh:Education"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "proposed thesis topic",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "nǐdìng lùnwén tímù",
          "text": "擬定論文題目",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "proposed thesis topic",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "nǐdìng lùnwén tímù",
          "text": "拟定论文题目",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "thesis acknowledgements",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "lùnwén zhìxiè",
          "text": "論文致謝",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "thesis acknowledgements",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "lùnwén zhìxiè",
          "text": "论文致谢",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Please complete your paper on time.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Qǐng ànshí wánchéng nǐ de lùnwén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "請按時完成你的論文。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Please complete your paper on time.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Qǐng ànshí wánchéng nǐ de lùnwén.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "请按时完成你的论文。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thesis; dissertation; paper (Classifier: 篇 m c)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thesis",
          "thesis"
        ],
        [
          "dissertation",
          "dissertation"
        ],
        [
          "paper",
          "paper"
        ],
        [
          "篇",
          "篇#Chinese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lùnwén"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˋ ㄨㄣˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leon⁶ man⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leon⁶ man⁴⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun-vùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lung³ veng¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "lō̤ng-uǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "lâung-ùng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lūn-bûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lung⁶ bhung⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶len-ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lùnwén"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lùnwún"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun⁴-wên²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lwùn-wén"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "luennwen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "луньвэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lunʹvɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ wən³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leuhn màhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leuhn mán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "loen⁶ man⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "loen⁶ man⁴⁻²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lên⁶ men⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lên⁶ men⁴⁻²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun-vùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun^"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "vunˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lun⁴ vun²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ vun¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lung³ veng¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lũŋ⁴⁵ və̃ŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lō̤ng-uǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵ uɔŋ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lâung-ùng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋuŋ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lūn-bûn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "luxnbuun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² bun²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ bun²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lŭng bûng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶len-ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "len^去 ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³len-ven"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/lən²² vən⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lu̯ən⁵¹ wən³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɵn²² mɐn²¹⁻³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁵⁵ vun¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lũŋ⁴⁵ və̃ŋ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɔŋ⁵⁵ uɔŋ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋuŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun⁴¹⁻²² bun²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun²²⁻²¹ bun¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lun³³⁻²¹ bun²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/luŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ buŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lən²² vən⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "zuòwén",
      "word": "作文"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénzhāng",
      "word": "文章"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐzhá",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "筆札"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐzhá",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "笔札"
    }
  ],
  "word": "論文"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 論文 meaning in Chinese (6.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "論文"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "論文",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.