See 立春 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 立春 meaning in Chinese (14.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "立春"
},
"expansion": "立春",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "立春",
"2": "^りっしゅん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "립춘(立春)",
"3": "입춘(立春)",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "立春",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "立春",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Lập xuân",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "立春"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "立春",
"2": "^りっしゅん",
"3": "립춘",
"4": "Lập xuân",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "立春",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "입춘",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "立春",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "立春",
"v": "立春",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (立春):\n* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)\n* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)\n* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^りっしゅん",
"3": "립춘",
"4": "Lập xuân",
"j": "立春",
"k2": "입춘"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (立春):\n* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)\n* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)\n* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (立春):\n* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)\n* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)\n* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "立春",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"roman": "Gǔyǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring",
"word": "立春、雨水、驚蟄"
},
{
"roman": "Gǔyǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring",
"word": "惊蛰、春分、清明、穀雨"
},
{
"roman": "Gǔyǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring",
"word": "谷雨"
},
{
"roman": "Dàshǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer",
"word": "立夏、小滿"
},
{
"roman": "Dàshǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer",
"word": "小满、芒種"
},
{
"roman": "Dàshǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer",
"word": "芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑"
},
{
"roman": "Shuāngjiàng",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn",
"word": "立秋、處暑"
},
{
"roman": "Shuāngjiàng",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn",
"word": "处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降"
},
{
"roman": "Dàhán",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter",
"word": "立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "since the beginning of spring",
"roman": "Lìchūn yǐlái",
"text": "立春以來／立春以来",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The \"Beginning of Spring\", the first of the twenty-four solar terms, around February 3rd, 4th, or 5th, marking the first day of spring according to the Chinese calendar."
],
"id": "en-立春-zh-name-XTmHR8wO",
"links": [
[
"Beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"Spring",
"spring"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"twenty-four",
"twenty-four"
],
[
"day",
"day"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xining"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nantong"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Luchuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "分春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Xinzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guilin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Chongming",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Lìchūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Ni² cun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "lap⁶ ceon¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "laap⁶ ceon¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lit⁶ 'cun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-chhûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lib⁶ cun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lieh⁴ cung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Lì-ché̤ng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Lĭk-chŭng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-chhun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lib⁸ cung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁸liq-tshen"
},
{
"zh-pron": "li⁶ qyn¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Lìchūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Lìchun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Li⁴-chʻun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Lì-chwūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Lihchuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Личунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Ličunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Licun"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni²¹ t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lahp chēun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "laahp chēun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lap⁹ tsoen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "laap⁹ tsoen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "leb⁶ cên¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lab⁶ cên¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/laːp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lit⁶ 'cun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/lit̚⁵ ˈt͡sʰun⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-chhûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lib cun´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lib⁶ cun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lieh⁴ cung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "Lì-ché̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴² t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Lĭk-chŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-tshun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "libzhwn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "li̍p tshung"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰuŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁸liq-tshen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "lih^入 tshen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵liq-tshen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sʰən²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "li⁶ qyn¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/li²⁴ t͡ɕʰyn³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lip tsyhwin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*k.rəp tʰun/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*rɯb tʰjun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni²¹ t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lit̚⁵ ˈt͡sʰun⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴² t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰuŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sʰən²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li²⁴ t͡ɕʰyn³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*k.rəp tʰun/"
},
{
"other": "/*rɯb tʰjun/"
}
],
"word": "立春"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"roman": "Gǔyǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring",
"word": "立春、雨水、驚蟄"
},
{
"roman": "Gǔyǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring",
"word": "惊蛰、春分、清明、穀雨"
},
{
"roman": "Gǔyǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring",
"word": "谷雨"
},
{
"roman": "Dàshǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer",
"word": "立夏、小滿"
},
{
"roman": "Dàshǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer",
"word": "小满、芒種"
},
{
"roman": "Dàshǔ",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer",
"word": "芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑"
},
{
"roman": "Shuāngjiàng",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn",
"word": "立秋、處暑"
},
{
"roman": "Shuāngjiàng",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn",
"word": "处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降"
},
{
"roman": "Dàhán",
"sense": "二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter",
"word": "立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "立春"
},
"expansion": "立春",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "立春",
"2": "^りっしゅん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "립춘(立春)",
"3": "입춘(立春)",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "立春",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "立春",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Lập xuân",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "立春"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "立春",
"2": "^りっしゅん",
"3": "립춘",
"4": "Lập xuân",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "立春",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "입춘",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "立春",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "立春",
"v": "立春",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (立春):\n* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)\n* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)\n* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^りっしゅん",
"3": "립춘",
"4": "Lập xuân",
"j": "立春",
"k2": "입춘"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (立春):\n* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)\n* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)\n* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (立春):\n* → Japanese: 立春(りっしゅん) (Risshun)\n* → Korean: 립춘(立春) (ripchun), 입춘(立春) (ipchun)\n* → Vietnamese: Lập xuân (立春)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "立春",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese proper nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Gan lemmas",
"Gan proper nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka proper nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien proper nouns",
"Jin lemmas",
"Jin proper nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin proper nouns",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Sichuanese lemmas",
"Sichuanese proper nouns",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew proper nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu proper nouns",
"Xiang lemmas",
"Xiang proper nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "since the beginning of spring",
"roman": "Lìchūn yǐlái",
"text": "立春以來／立春以来",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The \"Beginning of Spring\", the first of the twenty-four solar terms, around February 3rd, 4th, or 5th, marking the first day of spring according to the Chinese calendar."
],
"links": [
[
"Beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"Spring",
"spring"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"twenty-four",
"twenty-four"
],
[
"day",
"day"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Lìchūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Ni² cun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "lap⁶ ceon¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "laap⁶ ceon¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lit⁶ 'cun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-chhûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lib⁶ cun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lieh⁴ cung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Lì-ché̤ng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Lĭk-chŭng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-chhun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "lib⁸ cung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁸liq-tshen"
},
{
"zh-pron": "li⁶ qyn¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Lìchūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄧˋ ㄔㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Lìchun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Li⁴-chʻun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Lì-chwūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Lihchuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Личунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Ličunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Licun"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni²¹ t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lahp chēun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "laahp chēun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lap⁹ tsoen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "laap⁹ tsoen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "leb⁶ cên¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lab⁶ cên¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/laːp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lit⁶ 'cun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/lit̚⁵ ˈt͡sʰun⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-chhûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lib cun´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "lib⁶ cun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "lieh⁴ cung¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "Lì-ché̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴² t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Lĭk-chŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Li̍p-tshun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "libzhwn"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "li̍p tshung"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰuŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁸liq-tshen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "lih^入 tshen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵liq-tshen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sʰən²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "li⁶ qyn¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/li²⁴ t͡ɕʰyn³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "lip tsyhwin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*k.rəp tʰun/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*rɯb tʰjun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni²¹ t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɐp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːp̚² t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lit̚⁵ ˈt͡sʰun⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁵ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li⁴² t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰuŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/liɪʔ¹¹ t͡sʰən²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/li²⁴ t͡ɕʰyn³³/"
},
{
"other": "/*k.rəp tʰun/"
},
{
"other": "/*rɯb tʰjun/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xining"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nantong"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Luchuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "分春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Xinzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"word": "立春"
},
{
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guilin"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Chongming",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "交春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi"
],
"word": "立春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi"
],
"word": "打春"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "立春"
}
],
"word": "立春"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.