See 窾 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 窾 meaning in Chinese (5.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*kwar",
"4": "",
"5": "hole, orifice; innards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwar (“hole, orifice; innards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "貫",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "貫 (OC *koːns)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bca",
"t": "cave, hole",
"tr": "khuɑ̱̃²¹"
},
"expansion": "Central Bai [script needed] (khuɑ̱̃²¹, “cave, hole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "khuar"
},
"expansion": "Mizo khuar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "khur",
"3": "",
"4": "hole"
},
"expansion": "khur (“hole”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဂူ",
"3": "",
"4": "cave"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဂူ (gu, “cave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to STEDT & Schuessler (2007), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwar (“hole, orifice; innards”).\n*Inside Chinese, cognate with 貫 (OC *koːns) \"to go through, to pierce\";\n*Outside Chinese, cognate with Central Bai [script needed] (khuɑ̱̃²¹, “cave, hole”), Mizo khuar ~ khur (“hole”), Burmese ဂူ (gu, “cave”) (however, see there for alternative etymologies), etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "窾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "動中窾要"
},
{
"word": "动中窾要"
},
{
"word": "批郤導窾"
},
{
"word": "批郤导窾"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Observing the natural lines, my knife slips through the great crevices and slides through the great cavities, taking advantage of the facilities thus presented.",
"ref": "依乎天理，批大郤，導大窾，因其固然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾，因其固然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nYīhū tiānlǐ, pī dàxì, dǎo dàkǔan, yīn qí gù rán. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Among all of them, one calls those whose substance matches their outward expressions 'the upright ones', and those who fail at this, 'the hollow ones'. When we refuse to heed the words of the hollow, vices will therefore wither, and the good will distinguish themselves from the dishonourable, and all the contrasting and contradicting elements will proceed to show up as they truly are.",
"ref": "其實中其聲者謂之端，實不中其聲者謂之窾。窾言不聽，姦乃不生，賢不肖自分，白黑乃形。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "其实中其声者谓之端，实不中其声者谓之窾。窾言不听，奸乃不生，贤不肖自分，白黑乃形。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nQí shí zhòng qí shēng zhě wèizhī duān, shí bùzhòng qí shēng zhě wèizhī kǔan. Kuǎn yán bùtīng, jiān nǎi bùshēng, xián bùxiào zìfēn, báihēi nǎi xíng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hollow; empty"
],
"id": "en-窾-zh-character-dIAEECCK",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"empty",
"empty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) hollow; empty"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄢˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄘㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fo¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻuan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯än²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tsʻuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tswàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fo¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fo¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fun²"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fuːn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khwanX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰloːnʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯än²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuːn³⁵/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰloːnʔ/"
}
],
"word": "窾"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "動中窾要"
},
{
"word": "动中窾要"
},
{
"word": "批郤導窾"
},
{
"word": "批郤导窾"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*kwar",
"4": "",
"5": "hole, orifice; innards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwar (“hole, orifice; innards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "貫",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "貫 (OC *koːns)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bca",
"t": "cave, hole",
"tr": "khuɑ̱̃²¹"
},
"expansion": "Central Bai [script needed] (khuɑ̱̃²¹, “cave, hole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "khuar"
},
"expansion": "Mizo khuar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "khur",
"3": "",
"4": "hole"
},
"expansion": "khur (“hole”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဂူ",
"3": "",
"4": "cave"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဂူ (gu, “cave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to STEDT & Schuessler (2007), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwar (“hole, orifice; innards”).\n*Inside Chinese, cognate with 貫 (OC *koːns) \"to go through, to pierce\";\n*Outside Chinese, cognate with Central Bai [script needed] (khuɑ̱̃²¹, “cave, hole”), Mizo khuar ~ khur (“hole”), Burmese ဂူ (gu, “cave”) (however, see there for alternative etymologies), etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "窾",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with archaic senses",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Observing the natural lines, my knife slips through the great crevices and slides through the great cavities, taking advantage of the facilities thus presented.",
"ref": "依乎天理，批大郤，導大窾，因其固然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾，因其固然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nYīhū tiānlǐ, pī dàxì, dǎo dàkǔan, yīn qí gù rán. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Among all of them, one calls those whose substance matches their outward expressions 'the upright ones', and those who fail at this, 'the hollow ones'. When we refuse to heed the words of the hollow, vices will therefore wither, and the good will distinguish themselves from the dishonourable, and all the contrasting and contradicting elements will proceed to show up as they truly are.",
"ref": "其實中其聲者謂之端，實不中其聲者謂之窾。窾言不聽，姦乃不生，賢不肖自分，白黑乃形。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "其实中其声者谓之端，实不中其声者谓之窾。窾言不听，奸乃不生，贤不肖自分，白黑乃形。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nQí shí zhòng qí shēng zhě wèizhī duān, shí bùzhòng qí shēng zhě wèizhī kǔan. Kuǎn yán bùtīng, jiān nǎi bùshēng, xián bùxiào zìfēn, báihēi nǎi xíng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hollow; empty"
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"empty",
"empty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) hollow; empty"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄢˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄘㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fo¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻuan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "koan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯än²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "cuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tsʻuan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tswàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fún"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fo¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fun²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fo¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fun²"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fuːn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khwanX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰloːnʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯än²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuːn³⁵/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰloːnʔ/"
}
],
"word": "窾"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"窾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "窾",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"窾"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "窾",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.