"癌" meaning in Chinese

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "岩",
        "2": "cliff; rock, stone"
      },
      "expansion": "岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "岩"
      },
      "expansion": "岩 (yán)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "癌",
        "2": "cancer",
        "tr": "yán"
      },
      "expansion": "癌 (yán, “cancer”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "炎",
        "2": "inflammation"
      },
      "expansion": "炎 (yán, “inflammation”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "肺炎",
        "2": "pneumonia"
      },
      "expansion": "肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "肺癌",
        "2": "lung cancer"
      },
      "expansion": "肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*岩",
        "2": "rock; cliff"
      },
      "expansion": "岩 (“rock; cliff”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "崖",
        "2": "cliff",
        "tr": "yá, yái"
      },
      "expansion": "崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”), since some cancers present as lumps or outgrowths on the body.\nIn Mandarin, this character used to be pronounced identically as 岩 (yán). Its pronunciation was changed to ái in December 1962 to avoid the homophony between 癌 (yán, “cancer”) and 炎 (yán, “inflammation”) (compare 肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”) and 肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)). The new pronunciation ái stems from dialectal pronunciations of 岩 (“rock; cliff”) /ŋai/, influenced by 崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "癌",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Diseases",
          "orig": "zh:Diseases",
          "parents": [
            "Disease",
            "Health",
            "Pathology",
            "Body",
            "Medicine",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "zh:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Oncology",
          "orig": "zh:Oncology",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Pathology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "rǔ'ái",
          "word": "乳癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rǔxiàn'ái",
          "word": "乳腺癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qiánlièxiàn'ái",
          "word": "前列腺癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "luǎncháo'ái",
          "word": "卵巢癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kǒuqiāng'ái",
          "word": "口腔癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hóu'ái",
          "word": "喉癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dàcháng'ái",
          "word": "大腸癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dàcháng'ái",
          "word": "大肠癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zǐgōng'ái",
          "word": "子宮癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zǐgōng'ái",
          "word": "子宫癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zǐgōngjǐng'ái",
          "word": "子宮頸癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zǐgōngjǐng'ái",
          "word": "子宫颈癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gōngjǐng'ái",
          "word": "宮頸癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gōngjǐng'ái",
          "word": "宫颈癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "huàn'ái",
          "word": "患癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kàng'ái",
          "word": "抗癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "línbā'ái",
          "word": "淋巴癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áizhèng",
          "word": "癌症"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áiliú",
          "word": "癌瘤"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áixìbāo",
          "word": "癌細胞"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áixìbāo",
          "word": "癌细胞"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áizhǒng",
          "word": "癌腫"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áizhǒng",
          "word": "癌肿"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áibiàn",
          "word": "癌變"
        },
        {
          "roman": "áibiàn",
          "word": "癌变"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pífū'ái",
          "word": "皮膚癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pífū'ái",
          "word": "皮肤癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhínán'ái",
          "word": "直男癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhícháng'ái",
          "word": "直腸癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhícháng'ái",
          "word": "直肠癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gān'ái",
          "word": "肝癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fèi'ái",
          "word": "肺癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wèi'ái",
          "word": "胃癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yíxiàn'ái",
          "word": "胰腺癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shèn'ái",
          "word": "腎癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shèn'ái",
          "word": "肾癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shènzàng'ái",
          "word": "腎臟癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shènzàng'ái",
          "word": "肾脏癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "cháng'ái",
          "word": "腸癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "cháng'ái",
          "word": "肠癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xiàn'ái",
          "word": "腺癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nǎo'ái",
          "word": "腦癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nǎo'ái",
          "word": "脑癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pángguāng'ái",
          "word": "膀胱癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhì'ái",
          "word": "致癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xuè'ái",
          "word": "血癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fáng'ái",
          "word": "防癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shídào'ái",
          "word": "食道癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gǔ'ái",
          "word": "骨癌"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bíyān'ái",
          "word": "鼻咽癌"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "cancer",
          "roman": "áizhèng",
          "text": "癌症",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to cause cancer",
          "roman": "zhì'ái",
          "text": "致癌",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "lung cancer",
          "roman": "fèi'ái",
          "text": "肺癌",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "male chauvinism (literally, “straight men's cancer”)",
          "roman": "zhínán'ái",
          "text": "直男癌",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cancer; carcinoma"
      ],
      "id": "en-癌-zh-character-GL4qgvg3",
      "links": [
        [
          "cancer",
          "cancer"
        ],
        [
          "carcinoma",
          "carcinoma"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄞˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ghai¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ngàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶nge"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄞˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ai²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "air"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ай"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "aj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀaɪ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yen²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "янь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "janʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàahm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːm²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ᵑɡam²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngamˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ghai¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɣai¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaŋ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaam"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changtai",
        "Hokkien",
        "Hui'an",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Nan'an",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangpu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngâm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶nge"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nge^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³nge"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ŋe²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀaɪ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːm²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ᵑɡam²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɣai¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋe²³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "癌"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "rǔ'ái",
      "word": "乳癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rǔxiàn'ái",
      "word": "乳腺癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiánlièxiàn'ái",
      "word": "前列腺癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "luǎncháo'ái",
      "word": "卵巢癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kǒuqiāng'ái",
      "word": "口腔癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hóu'ái",
      "word": "喉癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dàcháng'ái",
      "word": "大腸癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dàcháng'ái",
      "word": "大肠癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zǐgōng'ái",
      "word": "子宮癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zǐgōng'ái",
      "word": "子宫癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zǐgōngjǐng'ái",
      "word": "子宮頸癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zǐgōngjǐng'ái",
      "word": "子宫颈癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngjǐng'ái",
      "word": "宮頸癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngjǐng'ái",
      "word": "宫颈癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huàn'ái",
      "word": "患癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kàng'ái",
      "word": "抗癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "línbā'ái",
      "word": "淋巴癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áizhèng",
      "word": "癌症"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áiliú",
      "word": "癌瘤"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áixìbāo",
      "word": "癌細胞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áixìbāo",
      "word": "癌细胞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áizhǒng",
      "word": "癌腫"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áizhǒng",
      "word": "癌肿"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áibiàn",
      "word": "癌變"
    },
    {
      "roman": "áibiàn",
      "word": "癌变"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pífū'ái",
      "word": "皮膚癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pífū'ái",
      "word": "皮肤癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhínán'ái",
      "word": "直男癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhícháng'ái",
      "word": "直腸癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhícháng'ái",
      "word": "直肠癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gān'ái",
      "word": "肝癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fèi'ái",
      "word": "肺癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wèi'ái",
      "word": "胃癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yíxiàn'ái",
      "word": "胰腺癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shèn'ái",
      "word": "腎癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shèn'ái",
      "word": "肾癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shènzàng'ái",
      "word": "腎臟癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shènzàng'ái",
      "word": "肾脏癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cháng'ái",
      "word": "腸癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cháng'ái",
      "word": "肠癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiàn'ái",
      "word": "腺癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nǎo'ái",
      "word": "腦癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nǎo'ái",
      "word": "脑癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pángguāng'ái",
      "word": "膀胱癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhì'ái",
      "word": "致癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xuè'ái",
      "word": "血癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fáng'ái",
      "word": "防癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shídào'ái",
      "word": "食道癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǔ'ái",
      "word": "骨癌"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bíyān'ái",
      "word": "鼻咽癌"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "岩",
        "2": "cliff; rock, stone"
      },
      "expansion": "岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "岩"
      },
      "expansion": "岩 (yán)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "癌",
        "2": "cancer",
        "tr": "yán"
      },
      "expansion": "癌 (yán, “cancer”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "炎",
        "2": "inflammation"
      },
      "expansion": "炎 (yán, “inflammation”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "肺炎",
        "2": "pneumonia"
      },
      "expansion": "肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "肺癌",
        "2": "lung cancer"
      },
      "expansion": "肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*岩",
        "2": "rock; cliff"
      },
      "expansion": "岩 (“rock; cliff”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "崖",
        "2": "cliff",
        "tr": "yá, yái"
      },
      "expansion": "崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”), since some cancers present as lumps or outgrowths on the body.\nIn Mandarin, this character used to be pronounced identically as 岩 (yán). Its pronunciation was changed to ái in December 1962 to avoid the homophony between 癌 (yán, “cancer”) and 炎 (yán, “inflammation”) (compare 肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”) and 肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)). The new pronunciation ái stems from dialectal pronunciations of 岩 (“rock; cliff”) /ŋai/, influenced by 崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "癌",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese Han characters",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Eastern Min lemmas",
        "Eastern Min nouns",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka nouns",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Intermediate Mandarin",
        "Jin lemmas",
        "Jin nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with audio links",
        "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples",
        "Sichuanese lemmas",
        "Sichuanese nouns",
        "Taishanese lemmas",
        "Taishanese nouns",
        "Teochew lemmas",
        "Teochew nouns",
        "Wu lemmas",
        "Wu nouns",
        "zh:Diseases",
        "zh:Medicine",
        "zh:Oncology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "cancer",
          "roman": "áizhèng",
          "text": "癌症",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to cause cancer",
          "roman": "zhì'ái",
          "text": "致癌",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "lung cancer",
          "roman": "fèi'ái",
          "text": "肺癌",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "male chauvinism (literally, “straight men's cancer”)",
          "roman": "zhínán'ái",
          "text": "直男癌",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cancer; carcinoma"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cancer",
          "cancer"
        ],
        [
          "carcinoma",
          "carcinoma"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄞˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ghai¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ngàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam⁵"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶nge"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄞˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ai²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "air"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ай"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "aj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀaɪ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yen²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "янь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "janʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngai"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàahm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngaam⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːm²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ᵑɡam²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngamˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngam²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ghai¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɣai¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngàng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaŋ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gâm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaam"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Changtai",
        "Hokkien",
        "Hui'an",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Nan'an",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangpu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngâm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶nge"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nge^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³nge"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ŋe²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀaɪ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋai²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaːm²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ᵑɡam²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɣai¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋaŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡam²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋam⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋe²³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "癌"
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Yongchun'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "癌"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "癌",
  "trace": ""
}