See 畜生 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "扁毛畜生"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "老畜生"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "畜生"
},
"expansion": "畜生",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "畜生",
"2": "ちくしょう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "축생(畜生)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "畜生",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "súc sinh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "畜生",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "畜生"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "畜生",
"2": "ちくしょう",
"3": "축생",
"4": "súc sinh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "畜生",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "畜生",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "畜生",
"v": "畜生",
"v2": "súc sanh",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (畜生):\n* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)\n* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ちくしょう",
"3": "축생",
"4": "súc sinh",
"v2": "súc sanh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (畜生):\n* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)\n* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (畜生):\n* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)\n* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तिर्यग्योनि",
"4": "",
"5": "animal creation"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "pi",
"3": "tiracchānayoni",
"4": "",
"5": "the realm of the brute creation"
},
"expansion": "Pali tiracchānayoni (“the realm of the brute creation”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in Han Feizi (circa 2nd century BC). The expletive sense was attested in the Book of Sui (7th century AD). Influenced, through Buddhism, by Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”) and Pali tiracchānayoni (“the realm of the brute creation”) during the Six Dynasties times, as this word was used as a translation of the Sanskrit and Pali terms. Compare 牲畜 (shēngchù).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "畜牲"
},
{
"form": "初升",
"raw_tags": [
"internet"
]
},
{
"form": "出生",
"raw_tags": [
"internet"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "畜生",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "zh:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"domestic animal; livestock; brute"
],
"id": "en-畜生-zh-noun-5-l7yH9Q",
"links": [
[
"domestic",
"domestic"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock"
],
[
"brute",
"brute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
28,
36
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "Some people are so contemptible.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Yǒuxiē rén huó de zhēn bùrú chùsheng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "有些人活得真不如畜生。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beast; bugger; contemptible person; brute; bastard"
],
"id": "en-畜生-zh-noun-vnJWzwXM",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"bugger",
"bugger"
],
[
"contemptible",
"contemptible"
],
[
"brute",
"brute"
],
[
"bastard",
"bastard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) beast; bugger; contemptible person; brute; bastard"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "頭牲仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "头牲仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "精牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "眾牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "众牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"roman": "zhūtóusān",
"sense": "beast",
"word": "豬頭三"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"roman": "zhūtóusān",
"sense": "beast",
"word": "猪头三"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "黃噠眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "黄哒眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"word": "黃色畜生"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 65 25",
"sense": "beast",
"word": "黄色畜生"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "zh:Buddhism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 17 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 40 7 40 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 44 4 44 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life"
],
"id": "en-畜生-zh-noun-4~fcrEXJ",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"reincarnated",
"reincarnated"
],
[
"karma",
"karma"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ˙ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ saang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cuh⁶ sen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhuk-sâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hiug⁵ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thek-seⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thek-siⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hiok-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tiog⁴ sên¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷tshoq-saon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "chùsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ˙ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshe̊ng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu⁴-shêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chù-sheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "chuh.sheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "чушэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "čušɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshengr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ˙ㄕㄥㄦ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshe̊ngr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu⁴-shêng⁵-ʼrh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chù-shengr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chuh.shengl"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чушэнр"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čušɛnr"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chù-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "chuhsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "чушэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "čušɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ saang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chūk sāang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chūk sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuk⁷ saang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuk⁷ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "cug¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "cug¹ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cuh⁶ sen"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuʔ⁵ sɛn²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhuk-sâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cug^ˋ sang^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cug⁵ sang¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuk̚² saŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiʊk̚¹ saŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thik-senn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "teksvef"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tioksngf"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thik-sinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "teksvy"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tioksefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hiok-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hioksefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok seⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiok̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷tshoq-saon"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tshoh^入 saon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴tshoq-saan"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰoʔ³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trhjuwH sraeng|sraengH"
},
{
"other": "/ thiok-sng /"
},
{
"other": "/ thiok-seng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuʔ⁵ sɛn²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuk̚² saŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiʊk̚¹ saŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiok̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰoʔ³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāchù",
"word": "家畜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shēngkǒu",
"word": "牲口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shēngchù",
"word": "牲畜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "眾牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "众牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "精牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "豬狗精牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "猪狗精牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭牲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头牲"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Sui",
"Han Feizi (book)",
"Six Dynasties"
],
"word": "畜生"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Pali",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 生",
"Chinese terms spelled with 畜",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Livestock"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "扁毛畜生"
},
{
"word": "老畜生"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "畜生"
},
"expansion": "畜生",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "畜生",
"2": "ちくしょう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "축생(畜生)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "畜生",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "súc sinh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "畜生",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "畜生"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "畜生",
"2": "ちくしょう",
"3": "축생",
"4": "súc sinh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "畜生",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "畜生",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "畜生",
"v": "畜生",
"v2": "súc sanh",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (畜生):\n* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)\n* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ちくしょう",
"3": "축생",
"4": "súc sinh",
"v2": "súc sanh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (畜生):\n* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)\n* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (畜生):\n* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)\n* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)\n* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तिर्यग्योनि",
"4": "",
"5": "animal creation"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "pi",
"3": "tiracchānayoni",
"4": "",
"5": "the realm of the brute creation"
},
"expansion": "Pali tiracchānayoni (“the realm of the brute creation”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in Han Feizi (circa 2nd century BC). The expletive sense was attested in the Book of Sui (7th century AD). Influenced, through Buddhism, by Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”) and Pali tiracchānayoni (“the realm of the brute creation”) during the Six Dynasties times, as this word was used as a translation of the Sanskrit and Pali terms. Compare 牲畜 (shēngchù).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "畜牲"
},
{
"form": "初升",
"raw_tags": [
"internet"
]
},
{
"form": "出生",
"raw_tags": [
"internet"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "畜生",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"domestic animal; livestock; brute"
],
"links": [
[
"domestic",
"domestic"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock"
],
[
"brute",
"brute"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese derogatory terms",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
28,
36
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "Some people are so contemptible.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Yǒuxiē rén huó de zhēn bùrú chùsheng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "有些人活得真不如畜生。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beast; bugger; contemptible person; brute; bastard"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"bugger",
"bugger"
],
[
"contemptible",
"contemptible"
],
[
"brute",
"brute"
],
[
"bastard",
"bastard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) beast; bugger; contemptible person; brute; bastard"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"reincarnated",
"reincarnated"
],
[
"karma",
"karma"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ˙ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ saang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cuh⁶ sen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhuk-sâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "hiug⁵ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thek-seⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thek-siⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hiok-seng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tiog⁴ sên¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷tshoq-saon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "chùsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ˙ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshe̊ng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu⁴-shêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chù-sheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "chuh.sheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "чушэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "čušɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshengr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ˙ㄕㄥㄦ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshe̊ngr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu⁴-shêng⁵-ʼrh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chù-shengr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chuh.shengl"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чушэнр"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čušɛnr"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "chùshēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨˋ ㄕㄥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chùsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu⁴-shêng¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chù-shēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "chuhsheng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "чушэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "čušɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ saang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cuk¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chūk sāang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chūk sāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuk⁷ saang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsuk⁷ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "cug¹ sang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "cug¹ seng¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cuh⁶ sen"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuʔ⁵ sɛn²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhuk-sâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cug^ˋ sang^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cug⁵ sang¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuk̚² saŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiʊk̚¹ saŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thik-senn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "teksvef"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-sng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tioksngf"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thik-sinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "teksvy"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tioksefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hiok-sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hioksefng"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thiok seⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiok̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷tshoq-saon"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tshoh^入 saon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴tshoq-saan"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰoʔ³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trhjuwH sraeng|sraengH"
},
{
"other": "/ thiok-sng /"
},
{
"other": "/ thiok-seng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuʔ⁵ sɛn²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰuk̚² saŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiʊk̚¹ saŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰiok̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰoʔ³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiāchù",
"word": "家畜"
},
{
"roman": "shēngkǒu",
"word": "牲口"
},
{
"roman": "shēngchù",
"word": "牲畜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "眾牲"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "众牲"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "精牲"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "豬狗精牲"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "猪狗精牲"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭牲"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头牲"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "頭牲仔"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "头牲仔"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "精牲"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "眾牲"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "众牲"
},
{
"roman": "zhūtóusān",
"sense": "beast",
"word": "豬頭三"
},
{
"roman": "zhūtóusān",
"sense": "beast",
"word": "猪头三"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "黃噠眼"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "黄哒眼"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"word": "黃色畜生"
},
{
"sense": "beast",
"word": "黄色畜生"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Sui",
"Han Feizi (book)",
"Six Dynasties"
],
"word": "畜生"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 畜生 meaning in Chinese (13.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": "started on line 26, detected on line 26"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": "started on line 45, detected on line 45"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺'",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%AE%B6%E7%95%9C'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"畜生"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "畜生",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.